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Cold War - Terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| General Assembly | one agency of the United Nations (UN); all member states have votes no matter the size (like US Senate) |
| Security Council | one agency of the UN; main goal was to preserve peace; constited of 5 Great Powers (US, USSR, GB, Fr, China) and 10 rotating members (2 year terms) |
| Secretary General | the head of the Secretariat of the UN; spokesperson and leader |
| Third World | developing countries, mostly fromer colonial countries |
| Baruch Plan | US proposal to regulate atomic evergy; everyone knows about atomic bomb and formual; obviously doesnt happen |
| containment | Truman and advisors became convinced that soviets were embarking on a world-wide communist mission; 'out job to stop and contain it' |
| Truman Doctrine | US decides 'to assist free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities/outside pressures'; aka stop communism throughout world |
| Marshal Plan | hasten European economic recovery and hense check communist expansion; for all Euro countries (soviets no we wont let east) |
| Berlin Airlift | Soviet forces blocked western side of Berlin by ground; if west abandoned Berlin, lose authority in Europe; shipped supplys /food to Berlin for 1 year |
| NATO | North Atlantic Treaty Organization; affirmed American determination to not abandon Europe; based on airpower |
| Warsaw Pact | USSR coordinated the existing network of military alliances; added to militarty power/ nuclear research |
| Marshal Tito | leader of Yugoslavia; defied Moscow, but communist |
| The Gulag Archipelago | book by Solzhenitsyn; based on Soviet forced labor and concentration camp system |
| Korean War | North (communist korenas) opened surprising over night attack on South Korea; US jumped into military action; ended in stalemate at 38th parallel; viewed as US win at containment |
| Wirstschoftswunder | 'economic miracle' in Germany; by 1950, economy of Germnay was exceeding pre-war production; by 1958, leading industrial European country; thanks to Marshall Plan |
| Charles de Gaulle | elected emergency premier for 6 months and given the right to write a new constitution; thought would keep Algeria french, but gave it and other colonies independent; created Fifth Republic |
| Fourth Republic | set up after WWII; very unstable; presidency only ceremonial; all-powerful National Assembly led by premier; brought down by trying to preserve colonies (specifically Alegeria) |
| Fifth Republic | presedency became fulcrum of power - final authority in military, foreign affairs, could dissolve National Assembly, use emergency powers, etc; premier -> prime minister |
| Nuremburg Trials | international trial to convict high ranking Nazi oficials of crimes against peace and humanity; appropriatness?, but reinforced international standards of civilized behavior |
| denazification | difficult to exclude Nazis from public life (often technically trained and very professional) |
| GDR | German Democratic Republic; very loyal to the soviets |
| FRG | Federal Republic of Germany; prosperous, parliamentary democracy; encouraged private industry and capitalist economy, but provided social services |
| Konrad Adenauer | Christian Democratic leader; chancellor for 14 years; provided resolute leadership, stablitity, and sovereignty; strengthened ties with west and France |
| Ostpolitik | 'eastern policy'; encouraged building bridges to soviet union and GDR; Brandt (mayor or west Berlin) |
| Prague Spring | '68 in Czechoslovakia; Czechs revolted, but Russia rolled in the tanks |
| IMF | International Monetary Fund; agency in international financial settlements; gave loans to vos to manage temporary balance of payments and reduce currency devaluaton |
| World Bank | Internaional Bank for Reconstruction and Development; long-term loans to gov for economic development |
| ED | the 'european community'; France, FRG, Italy, Luxemburg, Netherlands, and Belgium; economic integration of Western Europe; helped created French-German friendship |
| Great Patriot War | aka WWII in Russia |
| Nikita Krushchev | de-stalinization 'thaw'; Warsaw Pact; U-2 crisis (thaw comes crashing down); Berlin Wall; Cuban Missile Crisis |
| GATT | General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade; prevented discrimination in international trade; lower tariffs and remove nontariff barriers |
| Leonid Brezhnev | Reinstitutes stalinist controls; "Detente" with the west; Invasion of Afghanistan (ends detente) |
| A. Slzhenitsyn | wrote The Gulag Archipichu (or somethin like that) and One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich; a depiction of human suffering in forced labor camps |
| Boris Pasternak | forbidden to accept Nobel Peace PRize for novel Dr. Zhivago; condemned opressiveness of soviet society |
| Yuri Andropov | crushing of Hungarian revolt; heightening of Cold War tensions with the west due to uncertainty of soviet leadership and internal soviet problems |
| Chernenko | heightening of cold war tensions with the west due to uncertainty of soviet leadership and internal soviet problems |
| soviet satellites | Yugoslavia, Albania, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, Romania, Poland, German Democratic Republic |
| de-Stalinization | led by Krushchev; allowed some of Stalin's bad things to be public |
| detente | easing of strained relations between USSR and US |
| massive retaliation | a new kind of arms race between USSR and America; also known as mutual deterrence |
| Suez Crisis | president Nasser of Egypt claimed ownership of the Suez Canal, thus causing an International crisis by denying access to shipping form other nations; GB couldnt invade because then USSR would roll in the tanks |
| Sputnik | first satelite launched; unanticipated announcement ignited the Space Race; if they can get a rocket into orbit, they can crash a rocket into us |
| ICBM | aka intercontinental ballistic missiles; were capable of reaching any target in each other's territory; could deliver nuclear weapons in a manner that was virtually immune to defensive measures |
| Fidel Castro | de facto dictator of Cuba; rose in a popular revolution against the dictator Batista; turned Cuba into a communist state |
| Cuban Missile Crisis | Bay of Pigs made Castro uneasy and asked USSR for missiles; Kennedy paniced and said that if USSR did take the missiles off, he would invade; Krushchev backed off and would take out the missiles, US agree to take out missiles from Turkey |
| Vietnam War | partitioned after WWII, SU north, US south; US got involved in the war when the north was trying to take over the south; when north and south signed a deal for peace, US pulled out, but the communists, continued fighting; north side won |
| Brezhnev Doctrine | the right for USSR to intervene in a satellite stae's political developments; bascially, the USSR has the right to control eastern Europe |
| SALT | strategic arms limitation treaty; place limits and restraints on some of their central and most important armaments; check the rivalry in their most powerful nuclear weapons |
| Helsinki Conference | surveillance of human rights in nations that signed the agreements; highpoint of Cold War detente |
| Margaret Thatcher | GB prime minister; Conservative rule; cut gov spending and focused on economic growth; curbed inflation, but high unemployment |
| 'evil empire' | the Soviet Union, according to Reagan |
| Mikhail Gorbachev | perestroika; glasnost; arms control and reducton deals with the west; decision to not intervene in 1989 Eastern Europe revolts led to dismantling of Berline Wall, freeing of satellite nations, unification of control, and collapse of SU |
| perestroika | drastic modification of the centrally planned economy; wanted to end the economic stagnation; allow a little capitalism (NEP?) |
| glasnost | 'openness'; right to voice the need t change; freedome of the press and freedom of speech; end of totalitarian control over life |
| START | strategic arms limitations; Gorbachev wanted to reduce the stain on SU's economy; detente as way to avoid catastrophe, remove intermediate range missiles in Europe |
| solidarity | an independent trade union federation in Poland; returned in 89 when Solidarity lead coalition controlled the majority of the parliamentary elections; took steps to transform itself into Westernish socialism |
| Lech Walesa | militant leader and national symbol of protest; leader of solidarity |
| Helmut Kohl | chancellor of Western Germany at the time of its unification w/east Germany |
| Charter 77 | organization of intellectuals that wondered if human rights were being violated |
| 89 is 68 upside down | revolutiion of 1989 much different from Prague Spring; peaceful transition and revolution; Velvet Revolution |
| Ceausescu | dictator of Romania; only Eastern European dictator to not step down peacefully; eventually overthroned and assassinated |
| Boris Yeltsin | popular reformer who emerged as the first president of 'republican' Russia after the failed coup and the collapse of the USSR; 'october days' of 1993 led to a dismantling of the old soviet system and the beginning of a market economy |
| CIS | 'commonwealth of independent states'; loose organization consisting of Russia and 10 other republics |
| October Days | those wanting to return to old soviet style communism attemped a failed 'coup' in 1991; it not only failed but de-legitimizes the communist party, resulting in Gorbachev's resignation and the break up of the Soviet Union |
| Slobadan Milosevic | a former communist leader in serbia; serb offensive to kee all the serbs together; promoted violence and ethnic cleansing |
| ethnci cleansing | milosevic's reason for killing, looting, and raping non-serbs |
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