Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Biology 11 7-8-9
Grade 11 Biology Evolution Chapter 7, 8, 9
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Adaptation | a structure, behaviour, or physiological process that helps an organism survive and reproduce in a particular environment |
| Adaptive radiation | the diversification of a common ancestral species into a variety of differently adapted species |
| Allopatric speciation | speciation in which a population is split into two or more isolated groups by a geographical barrier; also called geographical speciation |
| Analogous structure | structures of organisms that do not have a common evolutionary origin but perform similar functions |
| Artificial selection | selective pressure exerted by humans on populations in order to improve or modify particular desirable traits |
| Biogeography | the study of the past and present geographical distribution of species populations |
| Biotechnology | the use of technology and organisms to produce useful products |
| Bottleneck effect | changes in gene distribution that result from a rapid decrease in population size |
| Catastrophism | the idea that catastrophes such as floods, diseases, and droughts periodically destroyed species living in a particular region, allowing species from neighbouring regions to repopulate the area |
| Convergent evolution | a pattern of evolution in which similar traits arise because different species have independently adapted to similar environmental conditions |
| Descent with modification | Darwin’s theory that natural selection does not demonstrate progress, but merely results from a species’ ability to survive local conditions at a specific time |
| Directional selection | natural selection that favours the phenotypes at one extreme over another, resulting in the distribution curve of phenotypes shifting in the direction of that extreme |
| Disruptive (diversifying) selection | natural selection that favours the extremes of a range of phenotypes rather than intermediate phenotypes; this type of selection can result in the elimination of intermediate phenotypes |
| Divergent evolution | a pattern of evolution in which species that were once similar to an ancestral species diverge, or become increasingly distinct |
| Ecological niche | the ecological role and physical distribution of a species in its environment |
| Embryology | the study of early, pre-birth stages of an organism’s development |
| Evolution | the process of genetic change in a population over time |
| Extinct | describes a species that has completely disappeared from Earth |
| Fitness | the ability of an organism to produce viable offspring capable of surviving to the next generation |
| Fossil record | the remains and traces of past life that are found in sedimentary rock; it reveals the history of life on Earth and the kinds of organisms that were alive in the past |
| Founder effect | a change in a gene pool that occurs when a few individuals start a new isolated population |
| Gene Flow | the net movement of alleles from one population to another due to the migration of individuals |
| Genetic Drift | the change in frequencies of alleles due to chance events in a breeding population |
| Gradualism | a model of evolution that views evolutionary change as slow and steady, before and after a divergence |
| Homologous structure | structures that have similar structural elements and origin but may have a different function |
| Inheritance of acquired characteristics | the idea that characteristics acquired during an organism’s lifetime can be passed on to its offspring |
| Mimicry | a structural adaptation in which a harmless species resembles a harmful species in coloration or structure |
| Monoculture | the agricultural practice of planting large expanses of uniform varieties of the same species. |
| Mutation | a permanent change in the genetic material of an organism; the only source of new genetic variation |
| Natural selection | the process by which characteristics of a population change over many generations as organisms with heritable traits survive and reproduce, passing their traits to offspring |
| Non-random mating | mating among individuals on the basis of mate selection for a particular phenotype or due to inbreeding |
| Paleontology | the study of ancient life through the examination of fossils |
| Post-zygotic isolating mechanism | a barrier that prevents hybrid zygotes from developing into viable, fertile individuals; also called post-fertilization barrier |
| Pre-zygotic isolating mechanism | a barrier that either impedes mating between species or prevents fertilization of the eggs if individuals from different species attempt to mate; also called pre-fertilization barrier |
| Punctuated equilibrium | a model of evolution that views evolutionary history as long periods of stasis, or equilibrium, that are interrupted by periods of divergence |
| Selective advantage | a genetic advantage that improves an organism’s chance of survival, usually in a changing environment |
| Selective pressure | environmental conditions that select for certain characteristics of individuals and select against other characteristics |
| Sexual selection | natural selection for mating based, in general, on competition between males and choices made by females |
| Speciation | the formation of new species from existing species |
| Stabilizing selection | natural selection that favours intermediate phenotypes and acts against extreme variants |
| Survival of the fittest | the idea that the organisms that are the fittest leave the most offspring, so those organisms win the struggle for survival; phrase coined by John Spencer |
| Sympatric speciation | speciation in which populations within the same geographical areas diverge and become reproductively isolated |
| Theory | in science a theory is a set of principles that explain and predict phenomena. All theories in science are based on an immense amount of observed evidence |
| Theory of evolution by natural selection | a theory explaining how life has changed, and continues to change, during Earth’s history |
| Transitional fossil | a fossil that shows intermediary links between groups of organisms and shares characteristics common to two now separate groups |
| Uniformitarianism | Charles Lyell’s theory (based on Hutton’s theory) that geological processes operated at the same rates in the past as they do today |
| Variation | differences between individuals, which may be structural, functional, or physiological |
| Vestigial structure | a structure that is a reduced version of a structure that was functional in the organism’s ancestors |
Created by:
marsenault
Popular Biology sets