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Lecture016

MB351Exam3

QuestionAnswer
What is the net ATP from glycolysis? 2 ATP
What does glycolysis produce? It produces ATP and reduces NAD+ to NADH while oxidizing glucose to pyruvic acid
In respiration, what is pyruvic acid from glycolysis converted to? It is converted to the first reactant in the Krebs cycle.
What does the Krebs cycle produce? It produces ATP and reduces NAD+ and FADH2 while giving off CO2.
The NADH and FADH2 from glycolysis and the Krebs cycle carries electrons to where? The electron transport chain.
In the e- transport chain, the energy of the electrons is used to produce what? ATP!
What are the three cellular respiration processes? Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and e- transport chain
What are the two types of fermentations? Glycolysis and fermentative pathways
What are two processes that ATP is generated through in cellular respiration? Substrate level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation (primarily), which requires a proton gradient.
When does Substrate-level phosphorylation occur? When a "high-energy" phosphate containing molecule transfers phosphate to ADP in a chemical rxn to form ATP.
What is oxidative phosphorylation? energy released from transfer of electrons (oxidation) of one cpd. to another (reduction) is used to generate ATP in the ETC.
What is glycolysis? The oxidation of glucose to pyruvic acid produces ATP and NADH. (Watch video)
How is glycolysis prepared? 2 ATP are used, Glucose is split to form 2 glucose-3-phosphate
How does glycolysis conserve energy? Two glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate oxidizes to two pyruvic acid, 4 ATP is produced, and 2 NADH is produced
How much NADH is produced from glycolysis? 2 NADH
What are the two alternatives to Glycolysis for oxidation of glucose? Pentose phosphate pathway and Entner-Doudoroff pathway
What is Pentose phosphate pathway? Uses pentoses (5carbons) and NADPH and operates with glycolysis
What is Entner Doudoroff pathway? Produces NADPH and ATP and it does not involve glycolysis
What is the KREBS CYCLE? It is the oxidation of acetyl CoA that will produce some ATP and the reduced coenzymes: NADH and FADH2 (watch video)
What happens in the Bridge or transition step in the Krebs Cycle? Pyruvic acid (from glycolysis) is oxidized and decarboxylated
What is produced after two cycles of pyruvate in the krebs cycle? 2 ATP are generated by substrate-level phos. and 8 NADH with 2 FADH2 produced
What is the electron transport chain? NADH and FADH2 transfer their electrons through a series of carrier molecules that are oxidized and reduced as e- are passed down, release of energy occurs. Energy released can be used to produce ATP.(watch video)
What happens in e- transport chain? Oxidation of NADH, e- transferred to a terminal electron acceptor (electron carriers w/ concurrent proton translocation)
What is Oxidative Phosphorylation? Coupled ADP phosphorylation with oxidation of reduced cofactors (NADH, FADH2) generated during catabolism, 2nd ATP generation mechanism, and it also requires a proton gradient.
What is the Chemiosmotic Theory? Energy generation in biological systems are driven by proton gradients that are established across membranes
What must happen to establish a proton gradient? 1) The transfer of e- between electron carriers in the membrane 2)Rxns that consume protons on one side of the membrane
What is Aerobic respiration? Has a final e- acceptor in the ETC that is a molecular oxygen (O2).
What is Anaerobic respiration? Has a final e- acceptor in the ETC that is not O2. Yields less energy than aerobic respiration bc only part of the Krebs cycle operates under anaerobic conditions.
What is the net ATP in Krebs cycle? 2 ATP
Net NADH in Krebs cycle? 8 NADH
Net FADH2 in Krebs cycle? 2 FADH2
How much ATP can one NADH convert to? 3 ATP
How much ATP can one FADH2 convert to? 2 ATP
What is the total ATP produced from glycolysis and Krebs cycle? 38 ATP
Microbes can break down glucose to release energy through what two processes? Cellular respiration and Fermentation
Created by: kzxiong
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