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Pharm Ch19

Cardiac Contractility

QuestionAnswer
MOA of digoxin & digitoxin Cardiac Glycosides (raise intracellular Ca2+ via inhibit SR Na+ pump)
AV block (bradycardic), enhanced His-Purkinje conduction, narrow therapeutic window, large Vd, positive inotrope, 90% renal exc , Tx: A-fib, HF (improves functional status) Digoxin
K+ wasting diuretics (furosemide) decrease plasma K+, increases affinity for Na+ pump leading to this type of toxiciity Digoxin
Excreted by liver, can be used in kidney disease, very long half-life (7 days) Digitoxin
MOA of Dopamine, Dobutamine, Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, Isoproterenol B-adrenergic Receptor Agonists (raise intracellular cAMP & Ca2+)
Low dose: peripheral vasodilator Intermediate: widespread vasodilator, activates B1-R High dose: activates a1-R (vasoconstriction) Tx: sepsis, anaphylaxis, cardiogenic shock, HF, ADR: w/ MAOI can cause tachycardia, arrhythmia Dopamine
pure B1-agonist, short half-life, Sympathomimetic DOC for acute cardiogenic circulatory failure Dobutamine
nonselective, low dose: peripheral B2, high dose: a1-R (vasoconstriction), Tx: HF (IV), Inhaled: asthma SQ: anaphylaxis, ADR: high doses, can cause tachycardia, arrhythmia Epinephrine
B1, a1-agonist Tx: distributive shock (gram neg sepsis) but can cause tachycardia, arrhythmia Norepinephrine
selective B1 (high HR), some B2 can cause vasodilation & hypotension Tx: refractive bradycardia, B-antagonist overdose CI: active CAD Isoproterenol
MOA of Theophylline (nonspecific), Inamrinone, Milrinone Phosphodiesterase (PDE) Inhibitors (raise intracellular cAMP & Ca2+)
Selective PDE3 inhibitors, "inodilators" - positive inotrope, arterial & venous vasodilation; Tx: short-term support of failing circulation ADRs: Thrombocytopenia, increased mortality in HF Inamrinone Milrinone
MOA of Levosimendan Calcium-sensitizing Agents (positive inotrope, inodilator)
Created by: fmuralid
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