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Postural final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What makes up 60% of the normal gait cycle? | Stance phase |
| Most problems of gait become apparent when? | weight bearing, stance phase |
| What are the four steps of the stance phase of gait? | 1. heel strike, 2. foot flat, 3. midstance, 4. push-off (toe-off) |
| What makes up 40% of the normal gait cycle? | swing phase |
| What are the three steps of swing phase? | 1. acceleration, 2. midswing, 3. deceleration |
| What is the measurement of the width of the base? | 2-4 inches heel to heel |
| Center of gravity should be no more than what? | no more than 2 inches of vertical oscillation |
| What is needed during all phases of stance to maintain center of gravity (except heel strike)? | knee flexion |
| How much do the pelvis and trunk shift laterally to the wt bearing side? | 1 inch |
| What is the average length of step? | 15 inches |
| What is a cadence? | 90-120 steps/minute |
| Pelvis rotation during swing phase: ___ degrees aroud opposite hip in stance | 40 degrees |
| If a pt has a problem, during stance what is usually seen? | antalgic gait |
| If a pt has a heel spur what might their gait look like | pt may hop onto involved foot to avoid heel strike |
| if a pt has weak quads, or fusion what might their gait oresent as? | normally extended, (unstable knee gait) |
| Pt may have an issue in midstance on their foot d/t? | pain from arthritic changes, calluses over matatarsal heads, corns on dorsum of toes. Wt is borne equally over all aspects of ft. |
| midstance knee issue | weak quads, unstable knee - hold knee in bent position |
| hip issues in midstance | glut med lurch, or glut max lurch |
| Foot issues with push-off | hallux rigidus, metatarsalgia (callosities with dropped arch) - push off from lat side of forefoot (corns on 4th and 5th toes, shoe crease) |
| issues with knee during push off | calcaneal gait (flat-footed gait) |
| In acceleration what is needed to clear foot off ground? | dorsiflexor activity |
| What is maximum knee flexion needed to clear the ground in acceleration? | 65 degrees of knee flexion |
| What exaggerates pelvic thrust anteriorly in acceleration? | weak quads |
| What are two problems with midswing? | weak ankle dorsiflexors: toe scrape, steppage gait |
| What is needed in deceleration for a smooth heel strike? | eccentric hamstring contraction for controlled smooth heel strike |
| What will weak hams cause? | harsh heel strike, heel pad thickening, knee hyperextension (back knee gait) |
| what is the avg angle of the cervical curve? | 40 degrees |
| what is the min and max angle of the cerv curve? | min is 35 and max is 45 |
| What is the average jochumsen cerv lordosis measurement? | 3-8 mm |
| what is the min and max jochumsen cerv lordosis measurements? | min is 1 mm and max is 9 mm |
| what is the avg depth of the cerv curve? | 12 mm |
| what is the min and max depth of the cerv curve? | 7 is min 17 is max |
| what is the avg drexler cerv lordosis number? | 40 degrees |
| what is the min and max drexler cerv lordosis? | 16 is min and max is 60 |
| Hyperlordosis of cerv spine may lead to? and is associated with what? | may lead to facet jamming, and is associtaed with kyphotic t-spine |
| What is a swan neck deformity of the c-spine? what is is secondary to? | complete reversal of lordosis, secondary to surgical instability |
| What is a red flag for ligament instability in the c-spine? | acute angular kyphosis |
| What is the cervical gravity line? | plumb line measurement from the apex of the dens which should intersect c7 body |
| In forward head cariage what happens to the cerv gravity line? | falls way anterior to the c7 body |
| What four things alter T-spine kyphosis? | compression fxs, osteoporosis, disc degen, scheuermanns dz (rusty) |
| What is the normal lumbar lordosis? | 50-60 degrees |
| what is the normal lumbosacral angle? | 26-57 degrees |
| What are two other names for lumbosacral angle? | Fergusons angle, and sacral base angle |
| what is the mean for lumbosarcral angle? | 41 degrees |
| What causes overpronation during one legged standing? | tib anterior weakness |
| what causes LE external rotation? | overactive piriformis, adductor weakness |
| What causes pelvis unlevelving during one legged standing tests, leg length and hip abduction tests? | glut med weakness, QL/TFL hypertonicity |
| what causes an anterior pelvic tilt? | glut max weakness, ES and or iliopsoas hypertonicity |
| What causes thoracolumbar hypertrophy? | glut max/multifidius, abdomincal weakness. |
| What are you checking quality wise with one leg standing test? | exvessive LE motion, pelvis/shoulder unleveling, overall posture |
| What are correlations with one leg standing test? | hip abduction test, over-pronation/mid-stance during gait |
| What is a tx for one leg standing test | sensory motor training, glut med facilitation |
| What are you checking quality wise with the squat strength/coordination test? | heel rise, knee varus/valgus, loss of lordosis/stooped position, poor balance |
| What are correlations with squat test? | endurance of fluts/quads, hip extension/back extension test |
| what is advice to give someone for squat test? | maintain lordosis while lifting |
| what are manipulations associtaed with squat test? | foot, ankle, hip, si |
| what should be stretched with squat test? | hamstrings, gastro-soleus, adductors |
| what are some coordination/endurance exercises for squat test? | bridging, squatting, lunging |
| What are you checking the quality of with the trunk flexion test? | heel raise, and lumbar spine hyperextension |
| What are | |
| what is the avg angle of the cervical curve? | 40 degrees |
| what is the min and max angle of the cerv curve? | min is 35 and max is 45 |
| What is the average jochumsen cerv lordosis measurement? | 3-8 mm |
| what is the min and max jochumsen cerv lordosis measurements? | min is 1 mm and max is 9 mm |
| what is the avg depth of the cerv curve? | 12 mm |
| what is the min and max depth of the cerv curve? | 7 is min 17 is max |
| what is the avg drexler cerv lordosis number? | 40 degrees |
| what is the min and max drexler cerv lordosis? | 16 is min and max is 60 |
| Hyperlordosis of cerv spine may lead to? and is associated with what? | may lead to facet jamming, and is associtaed with kyphotic t-spine |
| What is a swan neck deformity of the c-spine? what is is secondary to? | complete reversal of lordosis, secondary to surgical instability |
| What is a red flag for ligament instability in the c-spine? | acute angular kyphosis |
| What is the cervical gravity line? | plumb line measurement from the apex of the dens which should intersect c7 body |
| In forward head cariage what happens to the cerv gravity line? | falls way anterior to the c7 body |
| What four things alter T-spine kyphosis? | compression fxs, osteoporosis, disc degen, scheuermanns dz (rusty) |
| What is the normal lumbar lordosis? | 50-60 degrees |
| what is the normal lumbosacral angle? | 26-57 degrees |
| What are two other names for lumbosacral angle? | Fergusons angle, and sacral base angle |
| what is the mean for lumbosarcral angle? | 41 degrees |
| What causes overpronation during one legged standing? | tib anterior weakness |
| what causes LE external rotation? | overactive piriformis, adductor weakness |
| What causes pelvis unlevelving during one legged standing tests, leg length and hip abduction tests? | glut med weakness, QL/TFL hypertonicity |
| what causes an anterior pelvic tilt? | glut max weakness, ES and or iliopsoas hypertonicity |
| What causes thoracolumbar hypertrophy? | glut max/multifidius, abdomincal weakness. |
| What are you checking quality wise with one leg standing test? | exvessive LE motion, pelvis/shoulder unleveling, overall posture |
| What are correlations with one leg standing test? | hip abduction test, over-pronation/mid-stance during gait |
| What is a tx for one leg standing test | sensory motor training, glut med facilitation |
| What are you checking quality wise with the squat strength/coordination test? | heel rise, knee varus/valgus, loss of lordosis/stooped position, poor balance |
| What are correlations with squat test? | endurance of fluts/quads, hip extension/back extension test |
| what is advice to give someone for squat test? | maintain lordosis while lifting |
| what are manipulations associtaed with squat test? | foot, ankle, hip, si |
| what should be stretched with squat test? | hamstrings, gastro-soleus, adductors |
| what are some coordination/endurance exercises for squat test? | bridging, squatting, lunging |
| What are you checking the quality of with the trunk flexion test? | heel raise, and lumbar spine hyperextension |
| What are correlations with trunk flexion test | inhibited rect ab, overative T/L, paraspinals, iliopsoas, repeated trunk flexion curl test, ant pelvic tilt |
| Whats some advice for trunk flex test? | abdomincal co-contraction during lifting |
| what is a manipulation for trunk flexion test? | l-spine |
| what should be stretched with trunk flexion test? | iliopsoas, ES |
| what are some coordination/endurance exercises for trunk flex test? | pelvic tilts, dead bugs, respiration training |
| Hip extension tests quality of? | l-spine hyperextension, T/L mm contraction, glut max quiet, ant pelvic tilt, knee flexion, trunk/shouldert movt |
| what are correlations with hip exten test? | poor prox stability, facet overload, squat/back extensor tests, toe off during gait |
| advice with hip ext test? | proper lifting tech, arising from sitting, gait re-education |
| what is a manipulation with hip ext test? | hip, LS, TL junc, Si, fib head, feet |
| what should be stretched with hip ext test? | ilipsoas, rect fem, hamstrings, ES |
| coordination exercises for hip ext? | pelvis tilting, bridges, rocker board, squats, lunges |
| qualities of what with hip abduction test? | limited ROM, hip hiking, trunk rotation, overactive adductors, QL, TFL pelvis unleveling, one leg standing |
| advice for hip abduction test? | gait re-education |
| manipulation with hip abduct test? | hip, LS, si, l2-l3, feet |
| stretches for hip abduct test? | piriformis, adductors, QL, tfl, ilipsoas |
| coordination/endurance exercises for hip abduct test? | one leg bridge, leg abductions, lunges, rocker board |
| what are some other factors associated withhip abduct test? | leg length in=, hyperpronation syndrome |
| qualities of back extension test? | shaking, loses horizontal posture |
| coreelations of static back ext test? | endurance of multifidi, gluts, hams |
| advice for static back est? | lifting |
| manipulation with static back ext? | hip joint extension, TL, lumbar spine |
| stretches for static back ext? | iliopsoas, ES |
| coordination for static back ext? | quadruped cross crawl, superman (that hoe). |
| Winged scap dt? | weak serratus ant, hyperactive rhomboids |
| elevated shoulder dt? | inhib lower traps/s. ant, hyperactive upper trap/l. scap |
| forward head posture d/t? | inhib deep neck flexors, hyperactive scm/suboccipitals |
| round shoulders/protracted scap dt? | weak mid traps, hypertonic pecs |
| internally rotated arms dt? | weak mid traps, hypertonic pecs and lat dorsi |
| suboccipital/upper trap hypertonicity if greater standing may be due to? | forward drawn pelvic posture (weak glut max, short psoas, hypermobile LS |
| qualities of arm abduction test? | hiking of shoulder before 60 degrees abduction, primary GH movt |
| correlations with arm abduction test? | inhibit lower traps/s, antm hyperactive upper trap/l. scap, elevated shoulder |
| advice with arm abduction test? | proper breathing, brugger, workstation, scap stabilixation during exercise (rows, pull downs, pec decs) |
| manipulation with arm abdcution test? | AC, SC, ct junc |
| stretches for arm abduction test? | upper trap, l scap, pecs, subscap, l dorsi |
| facilitation exercises for arm abduct test? | abdomincal resp, scap depression |
| qualities of neck felxion test? | jull modifications, head up and down, chin jutting, difficult recovery |
| correlations of neck flex test | inhib deep neck flexors, hyperactive scm, suboccipital, palpations FHP FPP, round shoulders |
| advice for neck flex test | chin leadings, proper breathing, bruggers, glasses |
| manipulation of neck flex test | c0-c1, ct, upper ribs |
| stretches for neck flex test | scalenes, suboccipitals |
| facilitation exercises for neck flex test | abdominal resp, deep neck flexors |
| quality of push up test, 2 positions | Toes: scap - winging, retraction elevation... Same for all fours |
| correlations of push up test | weak s. ant, overactive rhomboids, upper trap, l scap |
| advice for push up test | avoid slumped positions |
| manipulation for push up test | upper t spine in extension |
| stretches for push up test | upper traps, l scap, pecs |
| facilitation exercises for push up test | push up with plus, serratus punches |
| qualities of resp test | done standing, seated, or supine: belly protrusion, horizontal expansion, clavicle, shoulder elevation |
| correlations with resp test | overactivity of scalenes and upper trap |
| advice for resp test | avoid slumped positions |
| manipulation for resp test | ribs 1-4 into depression |
| stretches for resp test | upper traps, l scap, pecs, scalenes |
| facilitation exercises for resp test | diaphragm, ygoa |
Created by:
margaretrhager
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