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Physics P3 GSCE
Cards for the Physics P3 GCSE 2012. COM = Centre of Mass
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A square object is pushed towards the right, if the Centre Of Mass is to the left of the pivot, will it topple? | No |
| How can the turning effect be increased (Moments) | By making the instrument longer, or by increasing the size of the force |
| What is the equation of a moment | Moment (Nm) = Force (N) x Perpendicular dist from pivot (M) |
| How is the centre of mass/gravity calculated | For a symmetrical object, it is where the lines of symmetry meet, for an irregular shape, use a plumb line (http://bit.ly/HAALfA) |
| On a 2D share, how is the weight shown | Draw a line from the centre of mass, vertically towards the ground |
| If an object, which is suspended, is still, what must be true | The Centre of mass must be DIRECTLY underneath the point of suspension |
| If a suspended object isn’t still, what state is it in | Non-Equilibrium |
| For an object at equilibrium, what is the equation | Total Clockwise Moments about a point = Total Anti-Clockwise Moments about a point |
| A square object is pushed towards the right, if the Centre Of Mass is to the left of the pivot, will it topple | No |
| A square object is pushed towards the right, if the Centre Of Mass is directly above the pivot, will it topple | No, it will balance perfectly |
| A square object is pushed towards the right, if the Centre Of Mass is to the right of the pivot, will it topple | Yes |
| How are things like tractors designed, so they don’t topple | They have a wide base and a low COM |
| What is the COM | The COM is the point at which the mass seems to act |
| What 3 things should be included when describing lens transformations | – Is it real/imaginary – Is it inverted/the right way up – Enlarged/same/smaller |
| Learn Centripetal Force! | Do it |
| What do the rays do for a concave mirror | Reflect parallel off the PA and reflect, back through the focus, creating an image (Real) |
| What is the equation for magnification | Image height/Object Height |
| What do the rays do for a convex lens | One goes Parrallel to the PA, then reflects through the focus; another goes through the 1st focus, then reflects parallel to the PA creating a smaller image |
| Convex mirror | http://www(dot)physicsclassroom(dot)com/class/refln/u13l4b4(dot)gif |
| What do the rays do for a concave lens | http://hyperphysics(dot)phy-astr(dot)gsu(dot)edu/hbase/geoopt/imggo/ccv(dot)gif |
| What is the term for the height of the wave on a oscilloscope? | The Amplitude |
| What is the term for the distance between each wave on an oscilloscope? | The Frequency |
| How is the wavelength measured on an oscilloscope? | From one peak to another, or one trough to another. |
| When a light ray is travelling into a higher density material (E.g. Water), after travelling through a lower density material (E.g. Air) what happens the the light ray? | It bends towards the normal. |
| When a light ray leaves a higher density material (Water) and enters a lower density material (Air) what happens to the light ray? | It bends away from the normal. |
| What is the angle of incidence? | It is the angle at which a ray approaches a material, e.g. a light ray approaching a block of glass. |
| How is the angle of incidence measured? | It is measure from the normal, or the perpendicular of the material. |
| What will a wave with a big amplitude but a low frequency sound like? | It will be loud and low pitched. |
| What will a wave with a small amplitude and a low frequency sound like? | It will be quiet and low. |
| What will a wave with a big amplitude and a high frequency sound like? | It will be high pitched and loud. |
| What effect does the frequency have on a noise? | It adjusts the pitch of it (High/Low) |
| What effect does the amplitude have on the noise? | It changes the volume of the noise. (Loud/Quiet) |
| How does a transformer work? (3 Steps) | - The Primary coil has an AC current - Which produces an EM field around the core. - The coils of the secondary coil cut this EM field, and induce a AC current. |
| What is the core of a transformer made of? (3 Things) | (Soft Laminated) Iron NOT THE ORE OF IT! (Hematite) |
| What is the term for the turning effect of a force | The Moment |
| The place where the mass of an object is concentrated is also known as what | The Centre of Mass |
| If an object isn't turning, what must be true | The total clockwise moment = total anti clockwise moment |
| What 3 things cause the centripetal force to increase | The mass, radius or the speed of the body |
| All bodies attract each other with what force | Gravity |
| As 2 bodies, what happens the the gravitational pull between them | It increases |
| As 2 objects get further apart, what happens to the gravitational pull between them | It decreases |
| What shape is the orbit of any planet | An ellipse, with the sun at either end |
| What force allows satellites to work | Gravity |
| If a planet is further away from the sun than the other, will the further planet have a slower/the same or faster orbit | Slower |
| What kind of orbit are most satellites in | Geostationary |
| What kind of orbit are most monitoring satellites in | Low Polar orbit |
| How is the magnification of a lens calculated? | With : Image Height/Object Height |
| What is the normal? | It is a line that is perpendicular to the reflecting/refracting surface. |
| Does the Angle of Incidence = Angle of Reflection? | Yes |
| Sound is caused by ___ ___ and travels as a ___. | Sound is caused by MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS and travels as a WAVE. |
| What is the range that the human ear can hear? (Hz) | 20 - 20,000 Hz |
| Can sound travel through a vacuum? | No. |
| Does the waveform alter the quality of sound? | Yes. |
| (NOT SURE) Why are converging lenses used in cameras? | To make 2 rays converge onto the sensor, in order to create a focuses image. |
| Sound Waves can be R___ and R____. | Sound Waves can be Reflected and Refracted. |
| Cleaning, Quality Control and Pre-Natal scanning are all examples of the use of what? | Ultrasound. |
| When a conductor which is carrying a force is put in a magnetic field, what might happen? | It might experience a force. |
| How can the size of the magnetic force be increased, in relation to the motor effect? | The Strength of the magnetic field could be increased, or the size of the current could be increased. |
| Will the conductor experience a force if it is parallel to the magnetic field? | No. |
| How can the direction of the force be revered, in relation tot eh motor effect? | By changing the direction of: The current or the magnetic field |
| If an electrical conductor cuts the flux, what happens? | A voltage is induced into the conductor. |
| If a magnet is moved into a coil of wire, what happens to the coil? Also, how can it be reversed? Also, if the magnet is still and the coil is moved, will it still work? | A voltage is induced at the ends of the wire. To reverse this voltage you change the direction of movement or the polarity of the magnet. Yes. |
| To increase the Voltage induced by the generator effect, what must you do? (4 Options) | 1)Increase the speed of the magnets' movement. 2)Increase the strength of the magnet. 3)Increase the number or coils on the wire. 4)Increase the area of the coil. |
| A step up transformer increases voltage or current? (Think of the national grid (_____ goes up (Onto the power lines) and then it goes back down again when it reaches the house/destination. | The voltage is increased. |
| Try to describe how a transformer works. | An AC current in the primary coil produces a changing magnetic field in the iron core and so the secondary coil cuts this magnetic flux. This induces an alternating voltage across the secondary coil. |
| In a step up transformer, is the voltage greater over the primary or secondary coil? | The secondary. |
| Why are main sequence stars stable? | The force from the nuclear fission counterbalances the force of gravity trying to make the star collapse. This carries in until they either become black dwarfs or go through supernova. |
| (NOT SURE) Why does the universe contain many different elements? | They are all byproducts of nuclear fission, which happens in the core of a star. These are then dispersed when a supernova happens. |
| How do the first planets form? | Gravitational attraction draws the dust together into ever increasing sized rocks, these then collide with other rocks in order to make planets. |
Created by:
DHSBBen
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