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Module 2: Evolution and HumanVariation

QuestionAnswer
_________ and _____ names form the scientific name of an organism scientific name of an organism genus and species
In the scientific name of an organism, genus name is ____________ and species name is ________. Both are either ____________ or __________ capitalized, lower case, underlined or in italics
Evolution Change over time
Natural Selection the process by which organisms with favorable variations reproduce at higher rates
Who was Darwin? Wealthy British Physician, ideas about theory of evolution, first to theorize natural selection
Darwin believed in _________ of a species by descent and natural selection descent and natural selection modification
Homologous and analogous structures are similar because of a _________ ancestor shared
Analogous structures are similar in ________ and ________ appearance and function
Evidence for human evolution DNA, skeletal fossils, cultural evidence, protein sequences, mtDNA
Animal Kingdom multicellular, Eukaryotic, ingestive heterotrophs
What Phylum are we? Chordata
Our subphylum? Vertibrates
Our class? Mammals
Our order? Primates
Does evolution happen on demand? no
Is natural selection a perfecting mechanism? no
2 categories of what creatures become when environments change specialist and generalist
frequency change of a particular trait as you move geographically from one point to another clinal distribution
descent with modification from a single common ancestor or ancestral population evolution
mixing of genetic material that results from the movement of individuals and groups from place to place. gene flow
changes in the frequencies of specific traits caused by random factors. genetic drift
a group of similar species genus
pigment found in the skin, hair, and eyes of human beings, as well as many other species, that is responsible for variations in color melanin
random change in genetic material; the ultimate source of all biological variation mutation
mechanism of evolutionary change; changes in traits of living organisms that occur over time as a result of differences in reproductive success among individuals natural selection
childhood disease characterized by the softening and bending of leg and pelvis bones; related to insufficiency of vitamin D and/or calcium rickets
theory that the evolution of certain traits can be explained by competition for opportunities to mate sexual selection
group of organisms whose members are similar to one another and are able to reproduce within their group but not with members of other groups species
evolution is a __ of populations, not individual organisms characteristic
for a change to be evolutionary in a biological sense, it must affect the __ we pass on to next generations genes
evolution is the primary way we understand the __ history of humanity, and all life biological
biological anthropology fits into cultural anthropology because human behavior rest on a biological base
language, two-legged stance, & need to reproduce are all __ __ that are basic to human culture evolved traits
understanding human's evolutionary history is important to cultural anthropologists because it informs us about the things that all humans have in common
__ among members of a species comes from mutation, sexual reproduction, gene flow, & gene drift gene drift variations
mutations are the __ __ of all variation ultimate source
gene flow also creates new variations
wrote that because human population levels rose much faster than agricultural production, struggles over resources were inevitable Malthus
Darwin gave __ & __ prominent roles in his theory competition; struggle
regarding "fitness" referring to creatures better adapted to environment tend to succeed in struggle for food/mates, passing on traits, & less well adapted traits tend to disappear Darwin
regarding "fitness" referring to wealth, power, & physical strength Spencer
proposed alternative model of evolution called punctuated equilibrium Niles Eldridge & Stephen Jay Gould (1972)
__ & __ do not necessarily guarantee reproductive success strength; intelligence
Darwin understood evolution by natural selection as a slow, steady, __ process continuous
evolution challenges a __ __ of the world's religious texts about how animals came to live on the earth literal reading
in 1950 declared that evolution was compatible with Christian teachings Catholic Church
in 2007, said the debate between evolution & creationism in US was an "absurdity" & that evolution can coexist w/faith Pope Benedict XVI
it is biologically __ to say that humans evolved from apes/monkeys & leads to ___ of evolution inaccurate; misunderstanding
no creature can be more __ than another evolved
biological scientists agree on basic principles of evolution/natural selection, but argue about __ of evolution & precise __ under which it occurs speed; conditions
Created by: teriltucker
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