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Chp. 9 Marketing

QuestionAnswer
Price The amount of money charged for a product or service, or the sum of all the values that customers give up in order to gain the benefits of having or using a product or service.
Value-based pricing Setting price based on buyers' perceptions of value rather than on the seller's cost.
Good-value pricing Offering just the right combination of quality and good service at a fair price.
Value-added pricing Attaching value-added features and services to differentiate a market offering and support higher prices, rather than cutting prices to match competitors.
Cost-based pricing Setting prices based on the costs for producing, distributing, and selling the product plus a fair rate of return for its effort and risk.
Fixed costs Costs taht do not vary with production or sales level.
Variable costs Costs that vary directly with the level of production.
Total costs The sum of the fixed and variable costs for any given level of production.
Cost-plus pricing Adding a standard markup to the cost of the product.
Break-even pricing (target profit pricing) Setting price to break even on the costs of making and marketing a product; or setting price to make a target profit.
Target costing Pricing that starts with an ideal selling price, then targets costs that will ensure that the price is met.
Demand curve A curve that shows the number of units the market will buy in a given time period, at different prices that might be charged.
Price elasticity A measure of the sensitivity of demand to changes in price.
Market-skimming pricing 9price skimming) Setting a high price for a new product to skim maximum revenues layer by layer from the segments willing to pay the high price; the company makes fewer but more profitable sales.
Market-penetration pricing Setting a low price for a new product in order to attract a large number of buyers and a large market share.
Optional-product pricing The pricing of optional or accessory products along with a main product.
Captive-product pricing Setting a price for products that must be used along with a main product.
By-product pricing setting a price for by-products in order to make the main product's price more competitive.
Product bundle pricing Combining several products and offering the bundle at a reduced price.
Discount A straight reduction in price on purchases under stated conditions or during a stated period of time.
Allowance Promotional money paid by manufacturers to retailers in return for an agreement to feature the manufacturer's products in some way.
Segmented pricing Selling a product or service at two or more prices, where the difference in prices is not based on differences in costs.
Psychological pricing A pricing approach that considers the psychology of prices and not simply the economics; the price is used to say something about the product.
Reference prices Prices that buyers carry in their minds and refer to when they look at a given product.
Promotional pricing Temporarily pricing products below the list price, and sometimes even below cost, to increase short-run sales.
Geographical pricing Setting price based on the buyer's geographic location.
Dynamic pricing Adjusting prices continually to meet the characteristics and needs of individual customers and situations.
Price fixing sellers must set prices without talking to competitors
Created by: tgrant01
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