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6 Joseph Sci ch 11
Science Chapter 11 Weathering & Erosion
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the natural process that causes rocks to break down called? | erosion |
| What breaks rocks into smaller pieces without changing them chemically called? | mechanical weathering |
| What is the freezing and thawing cycle that breaks rocks apart called? | ice wedging |
| Name two things that exert pressure on rocks: | plant roots burrowing animals |
| What has occurred when the chemical composition of rocks change? | chemical weathering |
| What (from water and carbon dioxide) reacts chemically with many rocks? | natural acids |
| What (formed from plant's release of tannin) dissolves some rock minerals? | plant acids |
| Oxygen can cause rocks containing iron to rust in the process of what? | oxidation |
| What is a mixture of weathered rock, organic matter, water, and air that supports the growth of plant life called? | soil |
| What affects the kind of soil that develops? | parent rock |
| What influences soil development? | topography |
| The climate in tropical regions increases the rate of weathering... forming the soil (more quickly or less quickly) than in deserts? | more quickly |
| Rocks take ______ to weather into the soil? | time |
| How much time do rocks take to weather into the soil? | perhaps thousands of years |
| What affects soil development? | dead humus organism |
| Why does erosion occur? | gravity, ice, wind & water |
| What is it called when gravity pulls rock or sediment down slopes? | mass movement |
| When sediments move downhill slowly, it is called what? | creep |
| When rock or sediment moves downhill along a curved slope it is called what? | slump |
| What is it called when rock layers break loose and slide downhill called? | rock slide |
| What is a mass of wet sediment that flows downhill over the ground surface called? | mud fall |
| What forms continental and valley glaciers? | ice |
| What can occur as glaciers remove loose pieces of rock? | glacial erosion |
| How else can glacial erosion occur? | when dragged rock scratches rock underneath the glacier. |
| What 3 things can glaciers do or form? | -form cirques and steep peaks in mountains -create lakes -totally remove rock from the surface |
| Glaciers deposit _______. | sediment |
| What (a mixture of different sized particles ranging from clay to boulders) is deposited directly from the bottom of a glacier. | till |
| ______includes sand & gravel deposits moved by rivers from melting glaciers. | out wash |
| Wind blows small particles from Earth's surface in a process called? | deflation |
| What forms pits in rocks or polishes surfaces smooth as sediments are blown by strong winds? | abrasion |
| What can form as the wind is slowed as it blows around irregular features (such as rock or vegetation) and deposits the sediment it carried. | sand dunes |
| _______ (or fine salt), often collects downwind of large deserts or near glacial streams. | loess |
| What is water flowing on Earth's surface causing erosion called? | water erosion |
| When water flows downhill as a thin sheet often carrying loose sediment grains it is called? | sheet flow |
| are channels cut into Earth's surface and are formed as runoff carries sediments along. | rills & gullies |
| Streams have water flowing through them constantly; they eventually flow into where? | ocean or large lake |
| What is the most important agent of erosion? | flowing water in streams |
| What shapes more of the Earth's surface than ice, wind, or gravity? | streams |
| What is weathering? | a mechanical or chemical surface process that breaks rocks into smaller pieces. |
| What is the principal difference between mechanical weathering & chemical weathering? | mechanical changes them by breaking into small pieces... chemical is when it changes into like metal or rust. |
| Name 2 causes of mechanical weathering? | -ice wedging plants & animals |
| Chemical weathering takes place fastest in a _____ and _____ climate. | wet, humid |
| What takes place when the composition of the rock changes? | chemical weathering |
| When minerals in rocks combine with_______ in the air, chemical weathering takes place. | oxygen |
| ______ is a mixture of weathered rock, organic matter, water, and air. | soil |
| The lack of thick soil on steep hills is an example of how _______ influences soil development. | topography |
| Ice wedging occurs because a given amount of ice has a volume (greater than or less than) an equal amount of water. | greater than |
| A growing plant can cause (mechanical, chemical or both mechanical & chemical) weathering. | both |
| (Carbon dioxide, Oxygen, Nitrogen) in air reacts with water to dissolve rocks such as marble & limestone. | carbon dioxide |
| Deep soils develop quickly where rock weathers (slowly, rapidly or either slowly or quickly). | rapidly |
| In a tropical climate, (sandy soil, clayey soil, or humus) develops. | humus |
| Many plants produce (carbonic acid, tannic acid, or rust), which causes weathering in rocks. | carbonic acid |
| gas that is a major cause of chemical weathering | oxygen |
| surface land features such as flat or hilly | topography |
| freezing and thawing cycle that causes potholes in roads and breaks in rocks | ice wedging |
| mixture of weathered rock, organic matter, and air | soil |
| acid produced by some plant roots | tannic |
| weathering that breaks down rocks without changing them chemically | mechanical |
| acid formed from water mixing with carbon dioxide | chemical |
| caused by chemical reaction of iron and oxygen | rust |
| weathering that changes the chemical composition of rocks | chemical |
| what is the natural process that causes rock to break down? | weathering |
| a form of erosion that occurs when wind blows sediments into rocks, makes pits in rocks, and produces smooth polished surfaces | abrasion |
| a process in which the chemical composition of rocks is changed by agents such as natural acids and oxygen | chemical weathering |
| a process in which sediments move slowly downhill | creep |
| erosion of land that occurs when wind blows across loose sediments and carries them away often leaving behind particles too heavy to move | deflation |
| wearing away and removal of rock material that occurs by agents such as gravity, ice, wind and water | erosion |
| occurs when gravity alone causes rock or sediment to move down a slope | mass movement |
| process that breaks rocks down into smaller pieces without changing them chemically | mechanical weathering |
| water that flows over earth's surface | run off |
| occurs when a mass of rock or sediment moves down hill along a curved surface | slump |
| mixture of weathered rock, organic matter, water and air that evolves over time and supports the growth of plant life | soil |
| configuration of surface features including position and slope; also influences the types of soils that develop | topography |
| natural mechanical or chemical process that causes rocks to change by breaking them down and causing them to crumble | weathering |
| what in a plant breaks apart? | tannic acid |
| what type of mechanical weathering can a plant do to rock? | roots break it apart |
| acid rain is a type of what? | chemical weathering |
| sand stone will weather into? | sandy soil |
| in lower areas, wind and water will deposit? | sediment |
| New Orleans is built on? | delta |
| lakes formed from glaciers | cirques |
| loess is formed by? | wind |
| Describe how rocks are mechanically weathered. | they break into smaller pieces without being chemically broken |
| name 2 agents of chemical weathering | natural acids, plant acids |
| explain how carbonic acid weather rocks | it dissolves the rock |
| describe how soil forms. what factors are important | it forms from weathered rock, organic matter, water and air |
| Which of following agents of erosion forms u-shaped valleys? (gravity, surface water, ice, wind) | ice |
| In which of these places is chemical weathering most rapid? (deserts, mountains, polar regions, tropical regions) | tropical regions |
| Which of the following forms when carbon dioxide combines with water? (calcium carbonate, carbonic acid, tannic acid, dripstone) | carbonic acid |
| Which process causes rocks to weather to a reddish color? (oxidation, deflation, carbon dioxide, frost action) | oxidation |
| Which type of mass movement occurs when sediments slowly move downhill? (creep, rock slide, slump, mudflow) | creep |
| Which type of the following helps form cirques and U-shaped valleys? (rill erosion, ice wedging, deflation, till) | ice wedging |
| What is windblown, fine sediment called? (till, outwash, loess, delta) | loess |
| Which of the following refers to water that flows over Earth's surface? (runoff, slump, weathering, till) | runoff |
| Which one of the following erosional agents creates desert pavement? (wind, gravity, water, ice) | wind |
Created by:
pkabbes