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ENVIRONMENTAL STUDY
CHAPTER 11 - BIODIVERSITY ISSUES
Question | Answer |
---|---|
biodiversity | a measure of the variety of kinds of organisms present in an ecosystem |
extinction | the death of a species; the elimination of all the individuals of a particular kind |
genetic diversity | a term used to describe the number of different kinds of genes present in a population or a species |
species diversity | a measure of the number of different species present in an area |
ecosystem diversity | a measure of the number of kinds of ecosystems present in an area |
deforestation | activities that destroy forests |
clear-cutting | a forest harvesting method in which all the trees in a large area are cut and removed |
patchwork clear-cutting | a forest harvest method in which patches of trees are clear cut among patches of timber that are left untouched |
reforestation | the process of replanting areas after the original trees are removed |
selective harvesting | a forest harvesting method in which individual high-value trees are removed from the forest, leaving the majority of the forest undisturbed |
desertification | the conversion of arid and semiarid lands into deserts by inappropriate farming practices or overgrazing |
bush meat | meat from wild animals |
endangered species | those species that are present in such small numbers that they are in immediate jeopardy of becoming extinct |
threatened species | those species that could become extinct if a critical factor in their environment were changed |
wilderness | designation of land use for the exclusive protection of the area’s natural wildlife; thus, no human development is allowed |
cover | a term used to refer to any set of physical features that conceals or protects animals from the elements or their enemies |
habitat management | the process of changing the natural community to encourage the increase in populations of certain desirable species |
migratory birds | birds that fly considerable distances between their summer breeding areas and their wintering areas |