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OTA 130 Final Exam

Question	Answer
Increase in muscle tone, increase resistance to passive stretch	Spasticity
Decrease in muscle tone	Flaccidity
interferes with patients positions and the components of postural control. Flexor hypertonicity affects UE and Extensor hypertonicity affects LE	Spasticity
Voluntary motion is limited to total limb movements in flexion or extension. the pt is unable to isolate individual joint motion	Flexioin Synergy
Pts with CVA, CP, other neurological disorders/diseases	Flexion syngery
No motion stage of Brunstrom's	Stage 1
Reflex responses (limited to localized motor response to specific stimuli)stage of Brunstrom's	Stage 2
Associated reactions (activity requires intensive effort of unaffected limb)stage of Brunstrom's	Stage 3
Mass responses (synergistic) (patient is unable to isolate individual joint motion or deviate from stereotypical movement pattern)stage of Brunstrom's	Stage 4
Deviation from pattern (example is a patient may be able to actively extend the wrist when asked but unable to use wrist extensors while shoulder is flexed)stage of Brunstrom's	Stage 5
Wrist stability stage of Brunstrom's	Stage 6
Individual finger movement (opposition)stage of Brunstrom's	Stage 7
Selected pattern with overlay (joint movement is isolated with voluntary control) stage of Brunstrom's	Stage 8
Selective movement (normal) stage of Brunstrom's	Stage 9
Why are Brunstrom’s stages helpful?	Provides a framework for the anticipated motor recovery in stroke patients
Soft tissue shortening around a joint	contracture
How does a contracture occur?
Why are contractures a concern?
Who might have a contracture?	A patient with CVA or CP, any neurological condition
How do we prevent contractures?	Perform ROM. If contracture is already present, splinting to reduce further contractures
No muscle contraction can be felt or seen; flaccid, full paralysis	MMT Grade 0
Trace, contraction can be felt but there is NO motion	MMT Grade 1
Poor, part moves through complete ROM with gravity decreased	MMT Grade 2
Fair, part moves through complete ROM against gravity	MMT Grade 3
Good, part moves through complete ROM against gravity and moderate resistance	MMT Grade 4
Normal, part moves through complete ROM against gravity and full resistance	MMT Grade 5
Measures Joint ROM	Goniometer
Joint ROM –documentation
understand that the ROM at the joint is the same ROM no matter what position the body may be in (supine, sit, prone)	Joint ROM
What do we compare a person’s joint ROM to?	standard tables, unaffected side
Functional ROM – how do we measure?	At least 90 shoulder flexion (ROM needed to complete ADL and IADL tasks
Client will compensate to get their full ROM by leaning, twisting, and rotating their body	Substitution
abnormal formation of true bone within extraskeletal soft tissues	Heterotrophic ossification
For a client with decreased ROM, what therapeutic interventions do we use to increase ROM?	Active and passive stretching, resistive exercise, exercise using equipment, reaching, catching a ball, table top activities (washcloth on table and extend arm), throwing a bean bag, using clothespin to reach to something higher to clip it on to
What is the proper sequence of applying therapeutic interventions for a client during a treatment session with decreased ROM?	Assess occupational goals and needs (holistic) Functional ROM Functional MMT Stretch Purposeful activity
List 20 pieces of adaptive equipment we have used or have seen in lab	wheelchair, walker (hemi, rolling, standard), cane (standard, quad), reacher, sock aid, long-handled shoe horn, dressing stick, button hook, leg lifter, elastic shoe laces, universal cuff, scoop place, swivel utensils, built-up handles, weighted utensils
What adaptations do we use for decreased ROM?	Long handled reacher, long handled sponge, hand held shower head for shampooing hair, position adjustable hair dryer, place the affected arm in first while donning a shirt, adapt cabinets if possible, place food on bottom shelves, lower clothes rod
What adaptations do we use for shoulder weakness?	Long Handled reacher, long handled sponge, lower closet poles, adapt cabinets to lower reach
What adaptations do we use for weak grasp?	Universal cuff, built up eating utensils, long plastic straws, clip type receiver for phone, built up pens and pencils, Wanchik writing aid, slip on typing aid, built up faucets
How do we teach a client to use adaptive equipment?	demonstrate the task, client practice, allow for questions, verbal understanding, teach back
What adaptations would be beneficial for dressing for a client with the use of only one UE?	Adapt the clothing, add Velcro instead of buttons, elastic shoelaces, buttonhook, pants with Velcro flies, using pants with elastic waistband, don affected arm first when donning shirt, slip on shoes, sock aid
What adaptations would be beneficial for cooking for a client with the use of only one UE?	Rocker knife, Dycem or shelf liner, plate guard or scoop dish, cutting board with nails or built up side
What adaptations would be beneficial for bathing for a client with the use of only one UE?	Position adjustable hair dryer, suction brush to clean fingernails, electric razor,soap on a rope
sensation received through skin or hair receptors (allows you to feel the toothbrush)	Tactile
tactile sensation of force applied to the skin, EX. ischial tuberosities pressing into a seat(helps to grip the toothbrush)	Deep Pressure
unpleasant or noxious tactile sensation (allows you to avoid brushing a sensitive area)	Pain
tactile sensation of heat or cold ( is water too hot or too cold)	Thermal Sensation
info about joint position and motor conveyed at an unconscious level from receptors in the muscles, joints, ligaments (guides the joint of the arms and hand to complete motion of brushing)	Proprioception
Which type of nerves supply sensation?	Peripheral
ability to tell what you are touching without vision. An example would be identifying a quarter in your pocket or reach into purse and find keys without vision	Stereognosis
A deficit in the ability to copy, draw, or construct a design., whether on command or spontaneously. You cannot assemble parts into a whole Would be seen in CVA or TBI. Patient will not know how to dress sequentially, stack a dishwasher or assemble a to	Constructional apraxia
The inability to plan and perform the motor acts necessary to dress oneself. Linked with problems of body scheme, spatial orientation and constructional apraxia. Client will dress with clothes inside out or put clothes on the wrong side of the body	Dressing apraxia
allows individuals to use and process sensed and perceived information and thus is intimately connected to sensation and perception	Cognition
Which diagnoses most likely have residual problems with cognition?	CVA, TBI, AD
How does the OTA assist with assessing cognition?	By observing client performance in functional activities, By reporting meaningful observations (presence or absence of cognitive skills). The OTA may administer structured assessments if service competent
Principles of Cognitive Evaluation	discussion of the OT eval results with other health care disciplines,testing environment will influence the results,optimal test battery involves a selection of tests,avoid a condescending attitude
active process (you have to be involved) that allows the individual to focus on the environmental information and sensations relevant at a particular time. It involves the simultaneous engagement of alertness, selectivity	Attention
subcortical (subconscious) Example is walking and talking to a friend and not having to pay attention to where your feet are	Automatic Attention
when new information is considered	Controlled attention
Is the highest level of attention and it refers to the ability to respond simultaneously to multiple tasks or multiple task demands	Divided Attention
A person’s ability to store, retain, and recall information and experiences	Memory
corresponds approximately to the initial 200–500 milliseconds after an item is perceived. The ability to look at an item, and remember what it looked like with just a second of observation, or memorization	Sensory Memory
ability to store much larger quantities of information for potentially unlimited duration(sometimes a whole life span)	Long-term Memory
recall for a period of several seconds to a minute without rehearsal	Short-term Memory
memory for a skill or series of actions	Procedural Memory
ability to recite or reproduce information. Divided into two categories	Declaritive Memory
ind. History and lifetime experiences	Epsodic Memory
general fund of knowledge shared by groups of people, such as language and rules of social behavior	Semantic Memory
Sensory Input – moves to a temporary storage location (working memory) – then moves to Long term memory location where encoding and consolidation occurs	What is the memory process? (How are memories made?)
Responsible for planning, cognitive flexibility, goal formation, abstract thinking, rule acquisition, initiating appropriate actions and inhibiting inappropriate actions, and selecting relevant sensory information	executive functioning
An inclination of an individual to initiate behavior without adequate consideration as to the consequences of their actions. Someone who has just experienced a THP who moves around without thinking, possibly breaking their precautions	Impulsivity
The repetition of a particular response, such as a word, phrase, or gesture, despite the absence or cessation of a stimulus, usually caused by brain injury	Perseveration
What pieces of adaptive equipment are in a “hip kit”?	Raised toilet seat Sock aid Shoe horn Reacher Long handled bath sponge Dressing stick Elastic laces
What are the primary rules of good body mechanics for therapists?	Keep the load close to the body Move with your feet first Avoid forward bending and twisting at the waist Maintain your 3 back curves Use a wide base of support and a staggered stance
assistive, adaptive, and rehabilitative devices for people with disabilities and also includes the process used in selecting, locating, and using them	Assistive Technology

Created by: NCBuckeye11

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