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GOVT EXAM REVIEW
COVERS ALL OF WHATS ON THE GOVT EXAM
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| state | A political community that occupies a definite territory and has an organized gov't with the power to make and enforce laws without the approval from any higher authority |
| sovereignty | the supreme and absolute authority within territorial boundaries |
| citizenship | the status of a citizen with rights and duties. |
| government | the institution through which the state maintains social order, provides public services, and enforces binding decisions on citizens |
| social contract | theory that by contract, people surrender to the state the power needed to maintain order and the state, in turn, agrees to protect its citizens |
| us constitution | a plan that provides the rules for government for the united states of america |
| NJ PLAN | A PLAN THAT CALLED FOR GOV'T BASED ON KEEPING THE MAJOR FEATURE OF THE ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION A UNICAMERAL LEGISLATURE WITH ONE VOTE FOR EACH STATE |
| VIRGINIA PLAN | A PLAN BY VIRGINIA PRESENTED FOR A STRONG NATIONAL GOV'T; |
| BILL OF RIGHTS | A DOCUMENT THAT STATES THE RIGHTS OF INDIVIDUAL CITIZENS |
| ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION | The original constitution of the United States, ratified in 1781, which was replaced by the US Constitution in 1789. |
| DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE | A document declaring the US to be independent of the British Crown, signed on July 4, 1776, by the congressional representatives of the Thirteen Colonies, including Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, and John Adams |
| PREAMBLE | A STATEMENT IN A CONSTITUTION THAT SETS FORTH THE GOALS AND PURPOSES OF GOVT |
| SEPARATION OF POWERS | THE DIVISION OF POWER AMONG THE LEGISLATIVE, EXECUTIVE, AND JUDICIAL BRANCHES OF GOVT |
| JUDICIAL REVIEW | THE POWER OF THE SUPREME COURT TO DECLARE LAWS AND ACTIONS OF LOCAL, STATE, OR NATIONAL GOV'TS UNCONSTITUTIONAL |
| REPUBLIC | A GOV'T IN WHICH VOTERS HOLD SOVEREIGN POWER; ELECTED REPRESENTATIVES, RESPONSIBLE TO THE PEOPLE, EXERCISE THAT POWER |
| FEDERALISM | A SYSTEM IN WHICH POWER IS DIVIDED BETWEEN THE NATIONAL AND STATE GOV'TS |
| DEMOCRACY | GOV'T IN WHICH THE PEOPLE RULE |
| DELEGATED POWERS | POWERS THE CONSTITUTION GRANTS OR DELEGATES TO THE NATIONAL GOVT |
| CHECKS AND BALANCES | Counterbalancing influences by which an organization or system is regulated, typically those ensuring that political power is not concentrated in the hands of individuals or groups |
| Amending | Make minor changes in (a text) in order to make it fairer, more accurate, or more up-to-date. |
| Northwest Ordinance | The Northwest Ordinance (formally An Ordinance for the Government of the Territory of the United States, North-West of the River Ohio, and also known as the Freedom Ordinance) was an act of the Congress of the Confederation of the United States. ... |
| Implied powers | powers that the govt requires to carry out the expressed constitutional powers |
| McCulloch vs Maryland | was a landmark decision by the Supreme Court of the United States. The state of Maryland had attempted to impede operation of a branch of the Second Bank of the United States by imposing a tax on all notes of banks not chartered in Maryland. ... |
| Concurrent Powers | powers that both the national govt and that states have |
| Civil Liberties | one's freedom to exercise one's rights as guaranteed under the laws of the country |
| Freedom of Information Act | rules that guarantee access to data held by the state. They establish a "right-to-know" legal process by which requests may be made for government-held information, to be received freely or at minimal cost, barring standard exceptions |
| 1st Amendment | The amendment prohibits the making of any law "respecting an establishment of religion", impeding the free exercise of religion, infringing on the freedom of speech |
| censorship | The practice of officially examining books, movies, etc., and suppressing unacceptable parts |
| slander | false written statements intended to damage a persons reputation |
| Libel | A false and malicious statement about a person |
| segregation | separation of people from the larger social group |
| treason | the crime that covers some of the more extreme acts against one's sovereign or nation. Historically, treason also covered the murder of specific social superiors, such as the murder of a husband by his wife. |
| habeas corpus | a writ, or legal action, through which a prisoner can be released from unlawful detention, that is, detention lacking sufficient cause or evidence. |
| indictment | a formal charge by a grand jury |
| bill of attainder | a law that establishes quilt and punishes people without a trial |
| everson vs board of education | concluded that a new jersey township had not violated the establishment clause when it reimbursed parents for the cost of sending their children to school on public transit. |
| a standard for judging when freedom of speech can be abridged; "no one has a right to shout `fire' in a crowded theater when there is no fire because such an action would pose a clear and present danger to public safety" | |
| 13th amendment | ended slavery in the united states |
| 14th amendment | rights to citizens |
| 15th amendment | the right to vote |
| article 3 | establishes the judicial branch of the federal government. |
| pres pro tempore | A high-ranking senator of the majority party who presides over the US Senate in the absence of the vice president |
| house of reps | The lower house of the US Congress and other legislatures, including most US state governments. |
| senate | Any of various legislative or governing bodies, in particular. |
| whips | A call issued to party members in a lawmaking body to ensure attendance at a particular time. |
| filibuster | The use of obstructionist tactics, especially prolonged speechmaking, for the purpose of delaying legislative action. |
| elstaic clause | refers to the provision in Article One of the United States Constitution, section 8, clause 18, that "The Congress shall have Power - To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, |
| committees | the people who work for house and senate committies |
| majority leader | the speakers top assistant whose jobs is to help plan the majority party's legislative program to steer important bills through the house |
| article one | article of the constitution that sets up the legislative branch |
| affirmative action | governments polocies that award jobs, government contracts, promotions, admission to schools, and other benefits to minorities and women in order to make up for past discriminations |
| brown vs bd of ed | when the court outlawed segregation in public schools |
| opinions | a written explanation of a supreme court decision; also in other states, a written interpretation of a state constitution or state laws by the states attorney general. |
| interpret laws | judicial branch |
Created by:
andersonredskins
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