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This NFPA section lists the requirements for the design of ground ladders and the testing required of the manufacturers
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This NFPA section lists the use, maintenance, and testing requirements during a ladder's service life.
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IFSTA Chapter 10
Ground Ladders
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| This NFPA section lists the requirements for the design of ground ladders and the testing required of the manufacturers | NFPA 1931 |
| This NFPA section lists the use, maintenance, and testing requirements during a ladder's service life. | NFPA 1932 |
| This type of ladder is often used for quick access to windows and roofs on one and two story buildings. Lengths vary from 6-32 feet, with the more common lengths of 12-24 feet. | Single or straight ladders |
| What is the length range of a roof ladder? | 12-24 feet |
| Folding ladders are most commonly found in what lengths and what is the most common length? | 8-16 feet, most common-10 feet |
| Extension ladders generally have what range of height? | 12-39 feet |
| NFPA 1931 requires that all extension ladders that are 40' or more be equipped with what? | staypoles |
| Most modern pole ladders do not exceed what height? | 50' |
| Combination ladders can be used in what two manners? | as an A frame or straight ladder |
| What is the length range of a combination ladder? | 8-14' |
| A combination ladder must be equipped with what in order to hold the ladder in the open position? | A positive locking device |
| Pompier ladders have what length range and are used for what? | 10-16', used for climbing from floor to floor via exterior windows. |
| What are the advantages and disadvantages of metal ladders? | Good conductor of heat, cold, electricity, easy to repair, ca suddenly fail when exposed to heat or flame, widest range of sizes |
| What are the advantages and disadvantages of wood ladders? | Highest cost of all ladders, heaviest per unit of length, retains strength when exposed to heat or flame, very durable |
| What are the advantages and disadvantages of fiberglass ladders? | Generally a poor conductor of electricity, can suddenly crack and fail when overloaded, can burn when exposed to flame. |
| According to the NFPA ground ladders should be tested when? | before being placed into service, annually and after any use that exposes them to high heat or rough treatment. |
| What does maintenance mean | Keeping ladders in a state of usefulness or readiness |
| What does repair mean | restore or replace that which is damaged or worn out. |
| Where can ladders be painted? | The top and bottom 18" of the beams for the purposes of identification or visibility |
| How often should ladders be inspected and cleaned? | They should be inspected regularly-after every use and on a monthly basis- and cleaned after every use |
| According to nfpa 1901 all pumper or engine companies should carry what compliment of ladders? | one straight ladder with roof hooks, one extension ladder, one attic ladder |
| According to NFPA 1901 Arial apparatus must carry what compliment of ladders? | 10' or longer attic ladder, 2 roof ladders at least 16' long, 1 combination ladder at least 14' long, 1 24' or longer extension ladder, 1 35' extension ladder |
| A ladder should not be raised within what distance of electrical wires | 10' |
| How far apart must firefighters be on a ladder? | 10' or one per section |
| What is the optimum climbing angle for ladder placement? | 75º |
| Residential stories average how many feet | 10' |
| commercial stories average how many feet | 12' |
| residential windowsills average what height | 3' |
| commercial windowsills average what height | 4' |
| first story roof the ladder length should be | 16-20' |
| second story window the ladder length should be | 20-28' |
| second story roof the ladder length should be | 28-35' |
| third story window or roof the ladder length should be | 40-50' |
| fourth story roof the ladder length should be | over 50' |
| A ladder should be placed how many rungs above the edge of the roof | 3-5 rungs |
| For ventilation of a window how should a ladder be placed | on the windward side with the tip even with the top of the window |
| How should a ladder be positioned for rescue | With the tip just below the windowsill |
| An additional ladder may need to be placed on the opposite side of a parapet if it is what height? | 6' or more |
| According to nfpa 1931 an extension ladders maximum extended length may be as much as ? less than the designated length | 6" |
| For lengths of 35' or less reach is approximately how much less than designated length? | 1' |
| for lengths over 35' reach is approximately how much less than designated length? | 2' |
| When 2 or more firefighters are lifting a ladder, they should lift on the command of a firefighter at what position? | The butt position |
| If there are two firefighters at the butt who is responsible for positioning and commands? | The FF on the right. |
| For rescue out of a windowsill, if the window is wide enough how should a ladder be placed | Place it so that there is room to facilitate entry and rescue to one side and place 2-3 rungs above the sill. |
| If a ladder is placed too close to a building what tends to happen to a ladder when it is climbed? | stability is reduced as the tip tends to pull away from the building |
| What happens to a ladder if the butt is placed too far away from a building? | The load carrying capacity is reduced as the ladder tends to slip away from the building as it is climbed. |
| What is an easy way to calculate the proper distance between the heel of a ladder and the building? | Divide the working height by 4 and place the heel that distance from the building or point of contact. |
| What type of ladder needs to be placed flat on the ground before raising? | A pole ladder |
| What agency requires that ladders maintain a distance of 10' from energized electrical lines or equipment? | Occupational safety and health administration (OSHA) |
| In general all modern metal and fiberglass ladders are designed to be used with the fly in what position? | fly out |
| In general wooden ladders are designed to be used with the fly in what position? | fly in |
| What knots should be used to tie off a ladder halyard | a clove hitch and overhand safety knot |
| What are the two basic ways for two firefighters to raise a ladder | Flat raise or a beam raise |
| Ladders of this length or more should be raised by at least 3 firefighters? | 35' or more |
| One firefighter can safely shift a ladder of what length or less? | 20' or less |
| What are the two methods of securing a ladder after it has been placed? | Heeling or tying in |
| If a tool is being carried by a FF up a ladder, how should the opposite hand be placed? | Slide the free hand under the beam to allow for constant contact |
| To bring victims down on a ground ladder how many FF are needed? | At least 4 are required...two inside the building, one or two on the ladder and on heeling the ladder. |
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