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Handwriting
Occupation of School Ch.19
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Handwriting | Handwriting abilities are most frequent referral for OT in schools. Primary way academic knowledge is shared/expressed. |
| Evaluation and Assessment of Handwriting skills | Handwriting requires an eval of developmental, motor, sensory, and perceptual functioning. |
| Evaluation and Assessment of Handwriting skills | OT practitioner responsible for evaluating all aspects of handwriting: designing intervention or compensatory strategies; and consulting with children, teachers, parents. |
| Evaluation and Assessment of Handwriting skills | Standardized Assessments: used to determine the factors interfering with handwriting skills. |
| Evaluation and Assessment of Handwriting skills | Developmental Assessments: examine developmental level of a child’s handwriting abilities. |
| Developmental Assessments | Peabody Developmental Motor Scale-2, Hawaii Early Learning Profile (HELP), The Bayley Scale of Infant Development, Erhardt Prehension Assessment, Bruinink-Osteretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOTMP |
| Bruinink-Osteretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOTMP) (Develop) | measures G/FM proficiencies of children 4.5-14.5, testing areas such as response speed, upper limb speed, visual motor control |
| Erhardt Prehension Assessment (Develop) | measures the components of arm/hand development in children. |
| The Bayley Scale of Infant Development (Develop) | assess motor development of children from 1-3.5yrs. |
| Hawaii Early Learning Profile (HELP) (Develop) | can be used to examine pre-handwriting skills for children 0-3yrs. Helpful in tracking development of hand skills. |
| Peabody Developmental Motor Scale-2 (Develop) | evaluates copying/writing readiness skills and provides an age-equivalent score on grasp development, manual dexterity, and developmental writing skills. |
| Visual Perception | ability to organize/interpret what is seen |
| Visual Perception Assessments | Test of Visual Motor Integration-Revised (TVMI), Motor-Free Visual Perception Test-Revised (MVPT)/Test of Visual Perceptual Skills (nonmotor) (TVPS), MFVPT/TVPS |
| Visual Perception Assessments: TVMI | combines both the developmental sequencing of the geometric shapes/visual motor integration. |
| Visual Perception Assessments: MVPT/TVPS | measures nonmotor visual perception in children by testing visual perception without requiring a motor response. |
| MVPT/TVPS examine the following perceptual skills: | Discrimination, Visual Memory, Form Constancy, Sequential Memory, Figure ground, Visual Closure |
| Discrimination | Ability to detect a difference of distinction between one item or picture and another. |
| Visual Memory | Ability to remember a shape or word/recall the info when necessary. Letters-> words->sentences->paragraphs. |
| Form Constancy | Ability to realize/recognize that forms, letters, and numbers are the same or constant whether they’re moved, turned, or changed to a different size. |
| Sequential Memory | ability to remember a sequence or chain of letters to form a word. |
| Figure Ground | ability to identify foreground from the background. Ex: identifying words written on lined paper. |
| Visual Closure | ability to identify forms or objects when given an incomplete appearance. |
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