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timelinetoWW2
Treaty of versailles to the Cold war
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the Treaty of Versailles? | a peace treaty at the end of World War, ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers |
| What were the terms of the Treaty of Versailles? | required Germany to accept responsibility for causing the war (therefore had to pay for damage done during) limited army to 100,000 troops, no air force forbidden to be allies with Austria |
| What is the Art school hitler applied to twice? what style of art were they looking for? what does he do after second rejection? | Viennese Academy of Arts, looking for BAUHAUS art-modernized, clean surreal, he sells postcards |
| What is hitler's name and ethic background? | real name: Schinkelgruber (father changed it to hiller then somehow became hitler) Was born an Austrian |
| What happens after hitler's father dies? | he is living off pension and living in the streets in vienna |
| what happens when hitler's mom Klara dies? | he payed JEWISH dr. double and cried in his arms saying hitler is forever grateful, his pension runs out and lives in poor house in vienna |
| Who are the authors that influenced hitler? | Nietzche, Chamberlain- within human is superhuman, eugenics (measured peoples biological differences later used to justify mistreatment of jews) Arthur Schopenhauer Richard Wagner-Made art of Anti-semitism |
| what year did hitler join the war? what did he join as? | 1914, a dispatch runner (barley held a gun) |
| After treaty of Versailles what was the most famous economic ideology? | Keynesian economics- the government should spend money to circulate it and it will spread; YOLO |
| what is the only real way out of economic crisis? | Warfare |
| Stalin's name means? | Steel |
| Stalin's #1 goal: and what was the big question regarding this? | Industrialize/Modernize russia big question was INTERNAL(what they chose) or EXTERNAL(what Lenin did, failed) revolution |
| Steps to achieve #1 goal of Industrializing/Modernizing russia | 1. run by COSPLAN (Central Committee for Planning) *collective argiculture and production quotas = lots of iron & steel *central price control even closer to germans *better infrastructure, more barics, ecumenic standards lowered |
| what did lenin use when running russia, which policy? did Stalin agree with it? | New Economics Policy- people allowed to run independent businesses if they pay state tax, No stalin did not agree |
| What was stalin originally training to be? | a priest at a seminary (thanks to keke or ekaterina (his mom)) |
| What did Stalin make everyone call him and why? | Koba, because he read a book that he related to |
| Where did lenin place stalin when he was at the Marxism Party Congress? | the position of party secretariat, and in charge of party bureaucracy |
| When and who did the german's sneak back into russia in 1917? | Lenin because they knew it would cause disorder |
| Who were the "biggest losers" in russia and killed after lenin went away? | Trotsky-lenin's successor ran russia til Stalin overthrew him, went into hiding for15yrs Stalinfound him& sent to kill him-stuck ICEPICK in eye,bled2 days b/c wanted lenin's NEPolicys Nikolai Bukharin- lenin's right hand man, was killed b/c he wanted |
| Only Death that affected Stalin? | His Wife's. "one death is a tragedy, a population's death is a statistic" |
| Who is the artist who painted Stalin walking into a room with no one stop clapping? | Yuri Kugach |
| what is Cult of personality? | to build a cult around you as a person -ex. is stalin when he froze lenin's head and named city after him as a sign of respect and honor |
| 1936-1938 moscow trials/Great purge/"show trials and who led the secret police? | 650,000 killed for defying Stalin-up to 2 million NKVD- led by Nikolai ivanovich rezhow and Vasili Blokhin |
| what was so dangerous about Stalin killing people? | he would have them erased. photoshop all pictures all evidence of their existence. number he killed may have been up to 20/60 million because of that reason |
| Which government is lenin not willing to work with? what does he do? | the provisional government -with trotsky, forms red army -bolsheviks surround all gov. buildings, day after declares provisional gov has been disposed |
| what was the ideology that italy and german used during WW2? what affect did it have? | Fascism-way of thinking that led both countries to think they were superior to all others This sense of superiority made it impossible for the I and G leaders to accept that they could lose the war, resulted in terrible devastation of their countries |
| Who was the italian leader Hitler idolized? (at first, then the roles were reversed) | Benito Mussolini, head of government |
| What are Mussolini's goals? | 1.become the 2nd roman empire 2.control of the economy "cooperate state" only 24 allowed each amonopoly of a product 3.National council of corps. 4.^grain taxes/tariffs 5.oath of alliance-all polit. parties banned 6.propangada pic of him in everyhous |
| What were the Nuremberg Laws? | The Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honor, -prohibited marriages and extra-marital intercourse between “Jews ” The Reich Citizenship Law -stripped Jews of citizenship |
| what was the reasoning behind the Nuremberg Laws? why not pogrom? | hitler wanted to show logic and reason against jews not just Pogrom (organized killing) |
| What is it the Germans where doing to jews during the holocaust? | Industrialized killing. |
| 1922 March on Rome, what happened? | was to establish Mussolini& Fascist Party he led,as most important party in Italy,though the army number was not in their favor,Victor Emmanuel,didn't want any chance of civil war b/c Italy had sufferedWW1 so oct. 30th he was sworn in as Prime Minister |
| What is the stab in the back myth? why is it significant? | A myth that the German government stabbed the Germany Army in the back by pulling out of the war. [when really the army told the gov. we are losing lets back down] it is important because Germany then blamed it on the Jews for it and that led 2 holocaust |
| "Silent dictatorship"? who is in it? what did it do? | Hindenburg and Ludendorff created a prominent position of power that They were able to create and break chancellors, it created the "stab in the back rumor" |
| Who in the silent dictatorship was good friends with hitler? | Ludendorff |
| Weimar republic | emerged from the German Revolution, In 1919, a national assembly convened in Weimar,to replace the imperial form of government |
| What is the stab in the back myth? why is it significant? | A myth that the German government stabbed the Germany Army in the back by pulling out of the war. [when really the army told the gov. we are losing lets back down] it is important because Germany then blamed it on the Jews for it and that led 2 holocaust |
| Franz von Papen | He served as as Chancellor of Germany in 1932 and as Vice-Chancellor under hitler, Papen, thought Hitler could be controlled once he was in government, and persuaded Hindenburg to appoint Hitler as Chancellor in a cabinet not under Nazi Party domination. |
| "Night of the Long Knives" | For Adolf Hitler, the behavior of the SA was a problem that now threatened his own political survival and the entire future of the Nazi movement |
| "Silent dictatorship"? who is in it? what did it do? | Hindenburg and Ludendorff created a prominent position of power that They were able to create and break chancellors, it created the "stab in the back rumor" |
| Who in the silent dictatorship was good friends with hitler? | Ludendorff |
| Weimar republic | emerged from the German Revolution, In 1919, a national assembly convened in Weimar,to replace the imperial form of government |
| Franz von Papen | He served as as Chancellor of Germany in 1932 and as Vice-Chancellor under hitler, Papen, thought Hitler could be controlled once he was in government, and persuaded Hindenburg to appoint Hitler as Chancellor in a cabinet not under Nazi Party domination. |
| "Night of the Long Knives" or also called "Röhm-Putsch' | was a purge that took place in Nazi Germany when the Nazi regime carried out a series of political murders members of the SA(brownshirts) a turning point in germany, Hitler had made it clear that he was the supreme ruler of Germany |
| Nazi Party- SA [Sturm Abteilung] | members who actually believed in the 'socialism' of National Socialism and also The average German also feared and disliked the SA brownshirts with their arrogant, gangster-like behavior,was a threat to hitler and the SS nazi movement |
| Nazi Party- SS [Schutz Staffel} 1925 | his own personal bodyguards, By the time of Himmler's appointment the SS had only 280 members, wore the same uniform as the SA but in black. after night of long knives, principal instrument of internal rule in Germany |
| Leader of SS | Heinrich Himmler |
| Leader of SA | Ernst Röhm |
| What "reich" is Germany? what are the other ones? | The 3rd. 1st-Charlemagne The great (france) 2nd-German Kaiser 3rd- Hitler |
| Reichstag fire | pinned on Van de Lubbe [a communist] and deemed a communist crime against new gov. all were shot and taken out of politics, this helped hitler gain votes now that competition is gone. is elected willingly by public, starts his reign |
| Josef Goebbels | Reich Minister of Propaganda, s one of Adolf Hitler's closest associates very anti semitism, first act was the 'burning of books",very powerful by end of war |
| Kristallnacht 1938 (night of the broken glass/crystal night) | night germans and Austrians decide to publicly beat/kill Jews, burning of 250 synagogues, sent to concentration camps |
| Germany Steps to war | 1.army up to 500,000 (russians were helping) 2.March1936 into Rhineland 3.host summer olympics 4.hitler&mussol.sign Pact Of Steel becomeAxis 5.h&m support franco in Spanishcivil war 6.unite with austria 7.sudetenland&munich conference 8.carve polan |
| what is the Munich agreement? | an agreement appeasing hitler, allowing Nazi Germany's to have Czechoslovakia's Sudetenland |
| Russo-german/ Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact | non agression pact between germany and soviet union, also dividing Romania, Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia and Finland into German and Soviet spheres of influence |
| Winter war 1940 | military conflict between the Soviet Union and Finland, League of Nations deemed the attack illegal and expelled the Soviet Union from the League |
| League of Nations | The League of Nation's task was simple - to ensure that war never broke out again, acked its own armed force and depended on the Great Powers to enforce its resolutions, keep to its economic sanctions, or provide an army when needed COLLECTIVE SERCUIRTY |
| Reasons the League of Nations failed | -USA doesn't join (even though we originally thought of it) BIGGEST FAILURE -cannot fight: no army |
| What is the league of nations similar to in past european history? | 1920's balance of power |
| 1942 Wannsee conference and the Final Solution (movie name:conspiracy) who was the leader of the conference? | 1st act of holocaust, meeting where germans decided what to do with all the jews- go to ghetto and get rid of every jew land leader was: Reinherd Heyrich |
| German new Ideology? (goes with discrimination of jews) | 1. Race and Space: race being Aryan, german,antisemitism, space being living space |
| popular Ideologies at the time | nationalism, miltarism, stab-in-the-back myth, eugenics |
| 3 important conferences before the cold war | Teheran, Yalta, Potsdam |
| Who was the "big 3" and what was common goal | FDR Rosevelt (USA), Stalin (USSR/russia), Churchill (UK) goal: destruction of Germany and Japan |
| Teheran conference 1943 [1st] | -first time big three met (churchill, FDR, stalin) -invasion of france-Normandy Campaign -petitioned turkey to join war so won't join with germans -commitment to the opening of a second front against Nazi Germany by the Western Allies |
| Atlantic Charter 1941 | gave support for the principle of national self-determination 4 freedoms: reedom of speech freedom of religion freedom from want freedom from fear |
| Yalta conference 1945 [2nd] | -split germany into 4 occupation zones under administration of big 3 and france -poland is back -United nations started -all signed charter that binder them |
| Potsdam conference 1945 [3rd] | denazification of germany 4 zones spilt of berlin, austria and vienna along with germany |
| Cold war political parties in Germany | FRG -communist GDR -republic |
| only approved party in Gemany during cold war | Socialist Unity Party |
| Erich Honecker | last premier of GDR In charge of berlin wall Used consumer socialism |
| "Ostpolitik" | East/West reconciliation |
| Nuremberg Trials | biggest nazi trial, tried for war crime and crimes against humanity |
| Hermann Göring | He founded theGestapo Hitler made him his successor and deputy in all his offices, but when he asked to control one thing hitler had him expelled from everything, during trials sentenced to death by noose, but killed himself by cyanide the night b4 |
| Main Battles in 1940s | Battle of France-newgov Battle of britain-air fought,germans:[ resulted in BLITZ Invasion of Normandy (Opp. Overlord) D-day-allies had foothold in europe Operation Barbarossa- codename 4 germans invade Soviet U Stalingrad-6tharmy :[ krusk-tank battle |
| Manhattan Project | proposed by Albert Einstein, who convinced FDR in a letter to spend billions of dollars to fund the study of neclear weapons and such |
| Francisco Franco | Spanish general, dictator and the leader of the Nationalist military rebellion in the Spanish Civil War, wins with help of Mussolini and hitler |
| Security Council and five permanent members what problem does it have? | 1. VETO power USA,China,France,UK, russia (USSR) - russia wants commie china and everyone else wants national china -only time UN is involved with army forces (korean war) 1.settles international disputes |
| What is the Truman Doctrine? who was it originally for? | anyone who resists communists, the USA will support them. originally for Greece and Turkey. after FDR left and the alliance was no longer necessary truman said no to Stalin's demands and came up with this. |
| What is the Marshall plan? | America (George Marshall) says the will give money to any european country that needs it to rebuild after WW2 has ended (ends up being 15 billon) |
| Berlin Conference 1948 reasons: | 1st act of cold war reasons for it were Stalin was upset about Marshall plan and rejected it for the soviet America offered to help the currency by providing DEUTSCHE MARKS for them but Stalin said no or he would shut down berln |
| Berlin Air lift | America sent food and coal to berlin when Stalin blocked it off completely |
| NATO Organization What is article 5 of it? | North Atlantic Treaty Organization (used by U.N) -a defensive alliance Article states one country under attack-all countries are (only time used was 9/11) |
| Valkyrie | high-altitude, supersonic bomber. Intended to carrying nuclear weapons to strike the Soviet Union, attempts to kill hitle- day mussolini was coming to visit hitler |
| VE day | Victory of Europe, public holiday celebrated on 8 May, Allies formally accepted the unconditional surrender of the armed forces of Nazi Germany and the end of Adolf Hitler's Third Reich, thus ending the war in Europe |
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