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vet 1400~
2nd half for final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| this is the volume of blood pumped each min | cardiac function |
| this is an intrinsic factor if the SA node in the heart and it is modified by autonomic, humoral, and local factors | heart rate |
| these will increase contractility and therefore increase cardiac out put | positive inotropic |
| these will decrease contractility and cardiac output, and increase right atrial pressure | negative inotropic |
| these help prevent seizures by suppressing the spread of abnormal electric impulses from the seizure focus to other areas of the brain; side effects include CNS depression, ataxia, hepatotoxicity | anticonvulsants |
| this is the most commonly used med to prevent seizures, tolerance can develop, available as tabs or injectable(slow iv only) C-IV controlled drug | phenobarbital |
| this is the precursor to phenobarbital | pimodone |
| adjunct anticonvulsant, crystalline powder than must be compounded, long half-life, use in cats is controversial- may cause pulmonary fibrosis | potassium bromide |
| used iv to treat status epilepticus, can be combined with ketamine and used as an induction agent, appetite stimulant, C-IV drug, injectable sticks to plastic, iv only, causes sedation, poss liver failure in cats when used orally, benzodiazepine tranquili | diazepam |
| reduce anxiety, cause sedation, lowers seizure threshold, may lower blood pressure, penile prolapse in stallions and recently gelded stallions, sight house highly sensitive, available in tabs or injectable | acepromazine (phenothiazine tranqulizers) |
| same as diazepam but can be given IM and is available as injectable only, benzodiazepine tranquilizers | midazolam |
| works best when used in combo with an opiod, has some analgesic effects, reverse by atipamezole, injectable only (iv or im in epaxial muscles) alpha 2- agonists | dexmedetomidine (aka medetomidine) |
| analgesia variable, causes vomiting, used extensively in equine, alpha-2 agonists | xylazine |
| cause muscle ridgidity, can cause apnea when 1st administered, mild analgesia unless used as cri, used for restraint, diagnostic procedures, minor surgical procedures, typically used in combo w/ other drugs, C-III drug, injectable only (IV or IM)dissociat | ketamine |
| combination product also containing zolazepam, C-III drug, dissociative agent | tiletamine (telazol) |
| causes potent cardiovascular and respiratory depression, sight hounds are highly sensitive, C-III drug, IV injectable only, causes tissue necrosis if given perivascularly, barbiturate | thiopental |
| anticonvulsant(65mg/ml), status epilepticus refractory to diazepam, euthanasia solutions (260-390mg/ml), a C-II drug when pentobarbital is only agent (sleep away) a C-III drug when pentobarbital is combined with other agents (beuthanasia) barbituates | pentobarbital |
| skeletal muscle relaxant, used in combo with another anesthetic drug to induce general anesthesia in horses(cri) miscellaneous drug | guaifenesin |
| older halogenated hydrocarbon agent, prolonged response to rate adjustment | halothane |
| rapid induction of anesthesia w/ short recoveris, vigilant monitoring is needed bc the animal can change anesthetic planes quickly, irritates the respiratory system, halogenated hydrocarbon | isoflurane |
| very similar to isoflurane, faster response to rate changes?, have fewer cardiovascular side effects than other inhalants, halogenated hydrocarbons | sevoflurane |
| block alpha 2 receptors, used to reverse alpha 2 agonists, ex; yohimbine & antipamezole, neurological stimulants | sympatholytics |
| block the binding of opioids to their receptors, used to treat respiratory and CNS depression from opioid overdose, ex; naloxone & naltrexone, neurological stimulants | Mu antagonists |
| used as a local anesthetic, immediate onset, short acting (1-2 hours) injectable, topical, transdermal | lidocaine |
| used as local anesthetic, longer onset time than lidocaine, longer acting (3-5 hours) injectable only | bupivacaine |
| used for local anesthetics, ophthalmic preparations | proparacaine and tetracaine |
| GABA agonists, produce sedation & relieve anxiety, used for aggression, urine spraying, noise phobias, ex; diazepam, lorazepam (ativan) alprazolam (xanax) anti-anxiety drugs | benzodiazepines |
| dopamine antagonists, treat aggression? car ride anxiety, side effects; sedation, hypotension, ex: acepromazine anti-anxiety drug | phenothiazines |
| work by blocking serotonin, used for urine spraying, anxiety- associated aggression, side effects: dont cause sedation, boost confidence, ex: buspirone, anti-anxiety drug | azapirones |
| interfere with reuptake of neurotransmitter by presynaptic nerve, used for separation anxiety, pruritic conditions, compulsive disorders, side effects: anticholinergic effects, liver problems, thyroid effects, ex: amitryptaline, clomipramine, antidepressa | tricyclics |
| reduce destruction of dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, uses: codnitive dysfunction, side effects: hypotension, drowsiness, anticholinergic effects, drug interactions, ex: selegiline, antidepressant | monoamine oxidase inhibators (MAOIs) |
| inhibiting serotonin reuptake, used to treat depression, aggression, anxiety, phobias, compulsive disorders, few side effects, ex: fluoxetine (prozac, reconcile) sertraline (zoloft) paroxetine (paxil) | selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) |
| calming effects, suppression of the excitatory effect of glutamine, supress male like behaviors, side effects: mammary gland & endometrial hyperplasia, bone marrow suppression, endocrine disorders ex: diethylstilbestrol, medroxyprogestrone acetate, megest | progestrins and estrogens |
| block enzymes that convert testosterone to dihydrostestosterone, used for benign prostatic hyperplasia, ex: finasteride | testosterone inhibitors |
| abnormal flaking/scaling of epidermis- idiopathic, or secondary to external parasites, hormonal imbalance, allergies | seborrhea |
| this is an otc anti-thrush in horses and ruminants | copper naphthenate |
| this animal source of insulin is nearly identical to feline insulin | beef |
| this animal source of insuline is closer to canine insulin | pork |
| this is a short acting insulin that is used for initial treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis | regular insulin |
| this is an intermediate-acting insulin that is used to manage uncomplicated cases of diabetes mellitus | nph, lente, vetsulin, humulin n |
| this is a long acting insulin, pzi was the insulin of choice for cats but has been taken off the market | pzi, ultralente, glargine (lantus |
| this is an oral diabetes meidcation that promotes insulin release, dosed BID, side effects; vomiting, liver toxicity, hypoglycemia | glipizide |
| this is a oral diabetes med, given to promote insulin release, dose SID, side effects; same as for glipizide, but occur less frequently | glimepiride (amaryl) |
| this is an oral diabeted med, inhibits glucose production by the liver, dosed bid, side effects; anorexia, vomiting(can be severe) contra indicated with kidney and liver disease | glucophage |
| this is an oral diabetes med, impairs glucose absorption from intestines, dose bid-tid with meals, side effects; flatulence, soft stools, diarrhea, not generally effective by itself | acarbose |
| thyroid hormone, synthetic t4, side effects are rare, must monitor blood levels | levothyroxine (soloxine) |
| thyroid hormone, sunthetic t3, side effects rare, used for t3 suppression test for hyperthyroidism, treat hypothyroidism when levothyroxine not effective | liothyronine (cytomel) |
| thyroid hormoen, treat hyperthyroidism, interferes with formation of t3 and t4 by blocking iodine incorporation, side effects vomiting, anorexia, neutropenia, unmasking underlying renal disease, monitor t4 levels, cbc, chem | methimazole |
| this is the outer part of the adrenal gland that produces mineralcorticoids, glucocorticoids | adrenal cortex |
| this blocks the enzymes needed to produce steriod compounds, more side effects on the liver, not as effective for cushings treatment | ketoconazole |
| increase tear produciton, ex; cyclosporine (optimmune) tacrolimus (currently must be compounded) | lacrimongenics |
| cholingergic drugs that cause the pupil to constrict, treats glaucoma, kcs, ex; pilocaprine | miotics |
| drugs that dilate the puple, useful in exams of the retine | mydriatics |
| drugs taht paralyze the ciliary muscles, reduce pain from ciliary muscle spasm | cycloplegics |
Created by:
chop
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