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Ch 13 practice
conjugating
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Voy a estudiar ecología cuando (volver) a la universidad. | vuelva |
| No podemos evitar el cambio climático, a menos que todos (trabajar) juntos. | trabajemos |
| No podemos conducir sin (contaminar) el aire. | contaminar |
| Siempre recogemos mucha basura cuando (ir) al parque. | vamos |
| Elisa habló con el presidente del Club de Ecología después de que (terminar) la reunión. | terminó |
| Vamos de excursión para (observar) los animales y las plantas. | observar |
| La contaminación va a ser un problema muy serio hasta que nosotros (cambiar) nuestros sistemas de producción y transporte. | cambiemos |
| El gobierno debe crear más parques nacionales antes de que los bosques y ríos (estar) completamente contaminados. | estén |
| La gente recicla con tal de que no (ser) díficil. | sea |
| Voy a llevar a mis hijos al parque para que (aprender) sobre la naturaleza. | aprendan |
| Voy a pasar todo el día allí a menos que (hacer) mucho frío. | haga |
| Podemos explorar el parque en bicicleta sin (caminar) demasiado. | caminar |
| Vamos a bajar al cráter con tal de que no se (prohibir). | prohíba |
| Siempre llevamos al perro cuando (ir) al parque. | vamos |
| No pensamos ir muy lejos en caso de que (llover). | llueva |
| Vamos a almorzar a la orilla (shore) del río cuando nosotros (terminar) de preparar la comida. | terminemos |
| Mis hijos van a dejar todo limpio antes de (salir) del parque. | salir |
| Vamos al lago mañana a menos que (hacer) mal tiempo. | haga |
| Voy a escuchar el pronóstico del tiempo antes de que el grupo y yo (salir) de la ciudad. | salgamos |
| Ana puede venir con tal de que Héctor (venir) también. | venga |
| Voy a llevar fruta para todos sin que ellos me lo (pedir). | pidan |
| Ana va a llevar su teléfono celular para que nosotros (poder) llamar en caso de emergencia. | podamos |
| la ciudad / ir a estar cada vez más contaminada / a menos que / nosotros / tomar medidas drásticas | La ciudad va a estar cada vez más contaminada a menos que tomemos medidas drásticas. |
| (tú) destruir / la naturaleza / cuando / arrojar basura/ los ríos | Destruyes la naturaleza cuando arrojas basura a los rios. |
| la caza de / ballenas / incrementarse (increase) cada vez más / sin que / el gobierno / tomar medidas | La caza de ballenas se incrementa cada vez más sin que el gobierno tome medidas. |
| (yo) ir a estudiar / bioquímica / tan pronto como / terminar / ecología | Yo voy a estudiar bioquímica tan pronto como termine ecología. |
| nosotros / ir a la playa / mañana / después de que / salir del trabajo | Vamos a la playa mañana después de que salgamos del trabajo. |
| la deforestación / ir a continuar / a menos que / (nosotros) sembrar / más árboles | La deforestación va a continuar a menos que sembremos más árboles. |
| Antes de que termine el verano, (querer,yo) visitar el lago Titicaca. | quiero |
| Hay personas que no reciclan a menos que les (dar, ellos) dinero a cambio. | den |
| Haremos una campaña publicitaria para que todos (reducir,nos) el consumo de energía. | reduzcamos |
| Me iré a la selva amazónica tan pronto como (tenir,yo) vacaciones. | tenga |
| Cuando desaparezcan las especies protegidas ya no (haber, el) solución. | habrá |
| The indicative or subjunctive mood may be required in the adverbial clause in Spanish, or an adverbial phrase (preposition plus infinitive) may be used, depending on | if no change of subject, and a preposition exists that corresponds to the conjunction, that preposition plus an infinitive is normally used, e.g.: He's saving his money so he can buy a car, Ahorra su dinero para poder comprar un coche. |
| The indicative or subjunctive mood may be required in the adverbial clause in Spanish, or an adverbial phrase (preposition plus infinitive) may be used, depending on | Type of sit/time in adv clause. If sit. in clause is hypothetical/anticipated (not completed, habitual, factual) use subjunc. If if it deals w/completed, habitual,factual, use indicative. |
| a fin de que (followed by subjunctive or indicative?) | so that (always followed by subjunctive!) |
| a condición de que (followed by subjunctive or indicative?) | on the condition that (always followed by subjunctive!) |
| a menos que (followed by subjunctive or indicative?) | unless (always followed by subjunctive!) |
| a no ser que (followed by subjunctive or indicative?) | lest, unless (always followed by subjunctive!) |
| antes (de) que (followed by subjunctive or indicative?) | before (always followed by subjunctive!) |
| con tal (de) que (followed by subjunctive or indicative?) | provided that (always followed by subjunctive!) |
| en caso de que (followed by subjunctive or indicative?) | in case (always followed by subjunctive!) |
| no sea que / no fuera que (followed by subjunctive or indicative?) | lest, so that ... not (= para no) (always followed by subjunctive!) |
| para que (followed by subjunctive or indicative?) | so that (always followed by subjunctive!) |
| para sin que (followed by subjunctive or indicative?) | without (always followed by subjunctive!) |
| Adverbial conjunctions which are ALWAYS followed by the subjunctive (because they always indicate a pending/hypothetical action or state): (name some examples) | para que,con tal (de) que,no sea que / no fuera que,para sin que etc |
| No voy a menos que 'venga' ella. | I'm not going unless she 'comes'. |
| Salgo a la una con tal que se 'termine' todo. | I leave at 1:00 provided everything 'is' done. |
| Trabaja mucho para que 'vivan' bien. | She works hard so they (can) 'live' well. |
| No hago nada sin que lo 'sepan'. | I don't do anything without their 'knowing' it. |
| Normally a preposition is used when no change of subject is involved; it is followed by an infinitive, not the subjunctive or indicative. Examples: | Mi hijo vive para tocar la guitarra. - My son lives to play the guitar. Ganaré antes de salir. -I'll win before I leave [before leaving.] |
| Normally a preposition is used when no change of subject is involved; it is followed by an infinitive, not the subjunctive or indicative. Examples: Mi hijo vive para 'tocar' la guitarra. Ganaré antes de 'salir'. | My son lives 'to play' the guitar., I'll win before I 'leave' [before leaving.] |
| words dealing with time are followed by the subjunctive when they introduce an anticipated situation unless | they introduce one which is viewed as completed or habitual, use indicative.If there is no change of subject involved and a preposition is available, typically the preposition is used with an infinitive. |
| a medida que deals with time, and is followed by the subjunctive when they introduce an anticipated situation. If they introduce one which is viewed as completed or habitual, they are followed by the indicative | as, according as |
| cuando deals with time, and is followed by the subjunctive when they introduce an anticipated situation. If they introduce one which is viewed as completed or habitual, they are followed by the indicative | when |
| dado que deals with time, and is followed by the subjunctive when they introduce an anticipated situation. If they introduce one which is viewed as completed or habitual, they are followed by the indicative | granted that, in case that |
| después (de) que deals with time, and is followed by the subjunctive when they introduce an anticipated situation. If they introduce one which is viewed as completed or habitual, they are followed by the indicative | after |
| en cuanto deals with time, and is followed by the subjunctive when they introduce an anticipated situation. If they introduce one which is viewed as completed or habitual, they are followed by the indicative | as soon as |
| hasta que deals with time, and is followed by the subjunctive when they introduce an anticipated situation. If they introduce one which is viewed as completed or habitual, they are followed by the indicative | until |
| luego que deals with time, and is followed by the subjunctive when they introduce an anticipated situation. If they introduce one which is viewed as completed or habitual, they are followed by the indicative | as soon as |
| mientras deals with time, and is followed by the subjunctive when they introduce an anticipated situation. If they introduce one which is viewed as completed or habitual, they are followed by the indicative | while |
| nada más quedeals with time, and is followed by the subjunctive when they introduce an anticipated situation. If they introduce one which is viewed as completed or habitual, they are followed by the indicative | as soon as |
| por más ... que deals with time, and is followed by the subjunctive when they introduce an anticipated situation. If they introduce one which is viewed as completed or habitual, they are followed by the indicative | no matter how much, however much |
| por mucho que deals with time, and is followed by the subjunctive when they introduce an anticipated situation. If they introduce one which is viewed as completed or habitual, they are followed by the indicative | no matter how much, however much |
| siempre que deals with time, and is followed by the subjunctive when they introduce an anticipated situation. If they introduce one which is viewed as completed or habitual, they are followed by the indicative | whenever, every time that |
| tan pronto como deals with time, and is followed by the subjunctive when they introduce an anticipated situation. If they introduce one which is viewed as completed or habitual, they are followed by the indicative | as soon as |
| Por lo general lo hago cuando nos levantamos. I usually do it when we get up. (indicative or subjuntive?) | [Indicative] (generally, habitually,completed) |
| Por lo general lo hago cuando nos levantamos. I usually do it when we get up. (indicative or subjuntive?) | [Indicative] (generally, habitually,completed) |
| Lo haré cuando nos levantemos. I'll do it when we get up.(indicative or subjuntive?) | [Subjunctive] (introduce anticipated situation) |
| Siempre me lavo los dientes después que comemos. I always brush my teeth after we eat. (indicative or subjuntive?) | [Indicative] (generally, habitually,completed) |
| Me lavaré los dientes después de que comamos. I'll brush my teeth after we eat.(indicative or subjuntive?) | [Subjunctive](introduce anticipated situation) |
| Los alumnos lo repiten hasta que el profesor está satisfecho. The students repeat it until the professor is satisfied.(indicative or subjuntive?) | [Indicative](generally, habitually,completed) |
| Los alumnos lo repetirán hasta que él esté satisfecho. The students will repeat it until he is satisfied. (indicative or subjuntive?) | [Subjunctive](introduce anticipated situation) |
| Trabajamos mientras ellos descansan. We work while they rest. (indicative or subjuntive?) | [Indicative](generally, habitually,completed) |
| Trabajaremos mientras ellos descansen. We will work while they rest. (indicative or subjuntive?) | [Subjunctive](introduce anticipated situation) |
| Aunque (although, even though, even if). The indicative is used if a fact is involved or the outcome is known; otherwise the subjunctive is used: Lo haré aunque no le gusta. I'll do it, even though she doesn't like it. (indicative or subjuntive?) | [Indicative It is a fact that she doesn't like it.] |
| Lo haré aunque no le guste. I'll do it, even though she may not like it. (indicative or subjuntive?) | [Subjunctive] |
| De modo que/de manera que/so that/in such a way that. These 2are identical. If used like para que (in order that, indicating purpose of an action), they req subjunc; they are used with indic tp mean “in such a way that” followed by actual result/outcome | Escribe de modo que todos la entienden. She writes in such a way [i.e., so clearly] that everyone understands her. [Indicative] Escribe de modo que todos la entiendan. She writes so that everyone will [might be able to] understand her. |
| Escribe de modo que todos la entienden. She writes in such a way [i.e., so clearly] that everyone understands her. | [Indicative] |
| Escribe de modo que todos la entiendan. She writes so that everyone will [might be able to] understand her. | [Subjunctive] |
| Como is followed by the subjunctive if it used to mean “if”, by the indicative if it means “because” [at the beginning of a sentence], and by either the indicative or the subjunctive (depending on hypothetical/future aspect) if it means “how(ever)”: | |
| Como vayas conmigo, te pago la entrada. If you go with me, I'll pay for your ticket. | [Subjunctive] (como means if) |
| Como no estás listo, me voy sin ti. Since you're not ready, I'll go without you. | [Indicative] (like because at the beginning of the sentence) |
| Lo hago como dijiste. I'll do it like you said. | [Indicative] |
| Lo haré como digas. I'll do it however you (might) say. | [Subjunctive] |
Created by:
evykas70
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