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Plasma Membrane
The membrane that surrounds cells and their organelles
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What does a cells plasma membrane consist of? | A phospholipid bi-layer with proteins embedded throughout |
| What is a phospholipid bi-layer? | A phospholipid bi-layer refers to a phosphate anion head which is polar/hydrophilic and 2 lipid tails which are non-polar/hydrophobic |
| What is a protein called that spans across the entire phospholipid bilayer plasma membrane? | An intrinsic protein or an integral protein |
| What is a protein called that exists on the outer parts of the phospholipid bilayer plasma mebrane? | An extrinsic protein or a peripheral protein |
| What is the name of the arrangement of the phospholipids and proteins within the plasma membrane? | The Fluid Mosaic Model (referring to the fact that the phospholipids move about freely along the membrane in a fluid like fashion and the proteins are fixed with limited mobility, creating an intuitive image similar to a mosaic) |
| What is the difference between permeable and semipermeable? | Semipermeable means only certain molecules are able to pass through (usually referring to a membrane) while permeable means anything can pass through |
| Is a cells plasma membrane permeable or semipermeable? | Semipermeable |
| What kind of particles can easily pass through a cells plasma membrane? | Small uncharged particles |
| What kind of particles cannot pass through a cells plasma membrane? | Highly charged or very big particles (unless they are aided by something that spans the membrane such as a receptor protein) |
| What are the two ways in which molecules can pass through a membrane? | Diffusion or facilitated transport |
| How can the rate of a molecules diffusion into the cell be measured? | By comparing it to changes in that molecules gradient (gradient referring to the differences in concentrations on both sides of the membrane) |
| What does it mean to "increase" the gradient? | To increase the gradient means to increase the difference in concentrations on both sides of the membrane |
| What does it mean when something "moves along it's gradient"? | To move along the gradient is to move from high concentration to low concentration |
| What does it mean when something "moves against it's gradient"? | To move against the gradient is to move from low concentration to high concentration |
| If a graph of the gradient vs the rate of a molecule to cross a membrane reaches a point where increasing the gradient no longer increases the rate of crossing, what does this signify? | This signifies that the molecule is crossing via facilitated transport because there is a limiting factor in the form of something such as a protein/receptor |
| At the point on a facilitated diffusion graph where the curve levels out, what do you know about the protein/receptor that was assisting in crossing the membrane? | You know that it has become saturated, meaning it is working at the maximum capacity and cannot work faster regardless of increases in the gradient |
| What is facilitated transport? | Facilitated transport refers to the case where there is something assisting a molecule to cross the membrane along it's gradient (from high concentration to low concentration) |
| What is active transport? | Active transport refers to the case where there is something assisting a molecule to cross the membrane against it's gradient (from low concentration to high concentration) |
| What is the difference between facilitated transport and active transport? | Facilitated transport refers to the assisting of a molecule to cross a membrane along it's gradient while active transport refers to the assisting of a molecule to cross a membrane against it's gradient |
| Does Active Transport require energy and why or why not? | Yes, Active Transport requires energy (ATP) because it opposes the natural flow of particles along their gradient |
| Does Facilitated Transport require energy and why or why not? | No, Facilitated Transport does not require energy because it goes along with the natural flow particles along their gradient |
| What are the two types of carrier mediated transport systems? | Active Transport and Facilitated Transport |
| Name which of the following that exhibits saturation kinetics: Active Transport or Facilitated Transport | Both |
| What is the most popular protein receptor in the plasma membrane that uses Active Transport? | Sodium Potassium ATPase pump |
| Name the two ways things can enter or exit a cell other than through carrier mediated transport systems | Endocytosis and Exocytosis |
| What is endocytosis? | Endocytosis is when the plasma membrane invaginates and breaks off in a fashion that allows things to enter the cell ("cytosis" can be remembered as "cell eating") |
| What is exocytosis? | Exocytosis is when the plasma membrane invaginates and breaks off in a fashion that allows things to exit the cell ("cytosis" can be remembered as "cell eating") |
| What is phagocytosis? | Phagocytosis is a special case of endocytosis which mainly occurs when white blood cells want to remove pathogens, bacteria, or debris |
| Summarize the process of phagocytosis. | The cell eats something (usually a pathogen/bacteria), the thing eaten is then inside the cell surrounded by a small membrane bubble which is then fused with lysosomes that release their contents and digest everything in the bubble making a phagolysosome |
| How many phospholipid bi-layers surround the mitochondria (describe) | 2: The inner membrane is arranged in shelf-like folds referred to as cristae |
| How many phospholipid bi-layers surround the nucleus (describe) | 2: These two membranes have pores in them called nuclear pores |
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1512sl
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