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Chapter 2,3 and 4
Biochemistry
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What do Organic Compounds Contain? | Hydrocarbon groups and also contain a functional group |
| Organic Compounds create what kind of bond? | They are usually covalently bonded |
| Examples of Organic Compounds | Carbohydrates,Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids |
| Functions of Carbohydrates | Used for energy,storage of energy and cellular structures |
| Contains three to seven carbon atoms in a chain or ring | Monosacgcharides |
| Two monosaccharides joined together | Disaccharides |
| Examples of Monosaccharides | glucose chemical formula C6 H12 O6 |
| Examples of disaccharides | glucose+ frutose= surcrose |
| Combination of many monosaccharides | Polysaccharides |
| Examples of Polysaccharides | glycogen,starch,and cellulose |
| What are the 2 functions of Lipids? | It is used in the body for energy and stored in fat for future energy needs |
| what are the 4 classes of lipids | Neutral Fats, Phospholipids,Steriods and Eicosanoids |
| What are neutral fats called? | Triglycerides |
| What do neutral fats contain | three fatty acids and a glycerol molecule |
| What molecule is a modified three-carbon simple sugar | glycerol |
| A chain of carbon atoms with one or two hydrogen atoms attached to each carbon by single or double bonds | Fatty Acid |
| A fatty acid when all the bonds in the hydrocarbon chain are single bonds and as many hydrognen atoms as possible are attached to a carbon | Saturated |
| A fatty acid when there are some double bonds between the carbon and hydrogen atoms | Unsaturated |
| what contains 2 fatty acids attached to glycerol extending in one direction | phospholipids |
| Phosphate group (PO4) attached to a nitrogen containing compound extending in the other direction | phospholipids |
| Is the phosphate group hydrophilic or hydrophobic | hydrophilic and polar |
| Is the fatty acid side hydrophilic or hydrophobic | hydrophobic and nonpolar |
| Lipids that take the form of four interlocking hydrocarbon rings | steriods |
| Are Steriods hydrophobic or hydrophilic | hydrophobic and nonpolar |
| Lipids formed by a 20 carbon fatty acid and a ring structure | eicosanoids |
| What eiocosandoid mediates inflamation | prostaglandins |
| What eiocosandoid mediates platelet function | thromboxane |
| what eiocosandiod mediate broncho construction | leukotrienes |
| the most abundant organic molecules in the body | Proteins |
| what are the 7 functions of proteins | it is used for cell structure and structural body tissues,controlling chemical reactions,regulates growth,transports molecules,defends the body against invaders,and catalyzes all reactions occuring in the body |
| how many amino acids are used in the body | 20 |
| what are proteins composed of | C,O,H,N |
| contains a central carbon atom attached to a hydrogen atom an amino groulp a carboxyl group and a side chain | Amino acids |
| What group defines each amino acid | The R group |
| the specific combination of amino acids is determined by the cells what | DNA |
| when two amino acids are linked together | dehydration synthesis |
| the carboxyl group of one amino acid links with the amino group of another amino acid | peptide bond |
| A chain of ten or more amino acids linked together | polypeptide |
| the sequence and number of amino acids that link together to form the peptide chain | primary structure |
| the natural bend of parts of the peptide chain as it is formed in three dimensions | secondary structure |
| the most common shapes that chains amino acids | alpha helix and beta-pleated sheet |
| the overall shape of a single protein molecule | tertiary structure |
| two or more protein chains join to form a complex macromolecule | quaternary structure |
| stable, rigid,water-insoluble proteins that are used for adding strength to tissues or cells | structural proteins |
| water soluble,flexible,three dimensional shape that can change under diffrent circumstances | functional proteins |
| proteins that act as catalysts to speed up a chemical reaction without themselves being altered or destroyed | enzymes |
| specific to the reaction they catalyze | enzymes |
| the substances that enzymes act upon | substrates |
| often take place in a series of reactions with the products of one reaction acting as the substrate for the next reaction | enzymes reaction |
| the largest molecules in the body | nucleic acids |
| what is composed of C,O,H,N and P | nucleic acids |
| exists mainly in the nucleus and is the molecule that contains all the instructions needed by the cell to build protein | DNA |
| transfers instructions out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm of the cell,and builds proteins | RNA |
| building blocks of nucleic acids | nucleotides |
| what are the 5 nucleotides | adenine,guanine,cytosine,uracil and thymine |
| What nucleotides occur in both DNA and RNA | adenine,guanine,and cytosine |
| what nucleotide only occurs in DNA | thymine |
| what nucleotide occurs only in RNA | Uracil |
| a sequence of nucleotides that carries the information to make one peptide chain | gene |
| a grouping of three nucleotides is the code for a specific what | amino acid |
| is constructed of two parallel strands of the nucleotides A,G,C,and T | DNA |
| the strands are connected by hydrogen bonds between the nitrongenous bases | DNA |
| adenine can only bond with thymine and guanine can bond only with cytosine | DNA |
| the two strands of nucleic acid twist around each other in a spiral | double helix |
| consists of a single strand of the nucleotides A,G,C,and U | RNA |
| What are the three types of RNA | transfer,messenger,ribosomal RNA |
| the energy needed by the body is stored in the phospbate bonds | ATP |
| A nucleotide containing adenine with two additional phosphate groups attached | ATP is a RNA nucleotide |
Created by:
Jennylee92
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