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MooreS

Bio Vocab Unit2 Wk 8-9 partial

Bio Vocab.Def.OrigionPre./MeaningRoot/MeaningSuf./MeaningAlt. Words
plasma membrane the outer portion of cytoplasm; ectoplasm —called also cell membrane Gk N/A plassein /"to mold," originally "to spread thin,"; membrum/ "limb, member of the body" N/A plasmatic, plasmic, plasmagene, plasmin
dynamic equilibrium changing yet finely-balanced condition which requires continuous adjustments in order to maintain its present or stable state Gk/Lt N/A dynasthai/ "be able to have power,"; aequus "equal" + libra "a balance, scale, plummet," N/A dynamical, dynamically, dynamics, equilibriums
diffusion a mixing together of the atoms or molecules of gases or of liquids as a result of their random motion Lt dif- "apart, in every direction" fundere "pour" N/A diffusional, diffusible, diffusibilty, diffusional
hypertonic solution any solution which has a higher osmotic pressure than another solution Gk/Lt hyper/over, beyond, overmuch, above measure tonikos/ "of stretching,"; solvere "to loosen, untie, solve, dissolve N/A hypertonicity, hypertonism, hypertonically, hypertonic
hypotonic solution has a lower concentration of dissolved materials Gk hypo/under N/A N/A hyptonic, hypotonicity, hypotonism, hypotonically
isotonic solution a solution having the same osmotic pressure as blood Gk isos/equal : homogeneous : unifrom N/A N/A isotonic, istonicity, isotonism, istonically
osmosis movement of a solvent (as water) through a semipermeable membrane (as of a living cell) into a solution of higher solute concentration that tends to equalize the concentrations of solute on the two sides of the membrane Fr/Gk endo-/ "inward" osmos/ "a thrusting, a pushing," from othein "to push, to thrust" -sis/suffix in Gk. nouns denoting action, process, state, condition, osmose, osmotic, osmotically, osmotic pressure
passive transport means moving biochemicals and other atomic or molecular substances across membranes Lt trans- "across" passivus "capable of feeling or suffering; portare "to carry" N/A passive, passivate, passively, passivism
chromosome any of the rod-shaped or threadlike DNA-containing structures of cellular organisms that are located in the nucleus of eukaryotes, are usually ring-shaped in prokaryotes (as bacteria), and contain all or most of the genes of the organism Gk N/A khroma "color" soma "body." chromosomal, chromosomally, chromosome number, chromoplast
cytokinesis the changes occuring in the cytoplasm of a cell during mitosis, meiosis, and fertilization Gk kytos/ "a hollow, receptacle, basket" kinesis /"movement, motion" N/A cytokinetic, cytoplast, cytogeny, cytolist
mitosis a process that takes place in the nucleus of a dividing cell, involves typically a series of steps consisting of prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase, and results in the formation of two new nuclei each having the same number of chromosomes as the Gk mitos /"warp thread" N/A sis/ denoting action, process, state, condition mitotic, mitotically, mitoses, mitotically
cancer a malignant tumor of potentially unlimited growth that expands locally by invasion and systemically by metastasi, an abnormal bodily state marked by such tumors Gk N/A karkinos/crab, tumor, and the zodiac constellation N/A cancerous, cancerously, cancerate, cancered
adenosine triphosphate ATP, a phosphorylated nucleotide composed of adenosine and three phosphate groups that supplies energy for many biochemical cellular processes by undergoing enzymatic hydrolysis especially to ADP Gk treis/ three adenos/gland; phos /"light"; phoros/ "bearer" N/A adenosine, adenosine diphosphate, adenosine deaminase, adenosine monophosphate
photosynthesis formation of carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and a source of hydrogen (as water) in the chlorophyll-containing tissues of plants exposed to light Germ photo / "light" synthese/ "synthesis" N/A photosynthesize, photosynthetic, photosynthetically, photosynthesizig
aerobic respiration is the release of energy from glucose or another organic substrate in the presence of oxygen. Gk/Lt aero- "air" ; re- "again" bios "life; spirare "to breathe" -tion/suffix forming nouns from verbs aerobic, aerobically, respiratory, respirable
anaerobic respiration respiration occurs when oxygen is not available, in anaerobic respiration the glucose is only partially broken down, and lactic acid is produced - together with a much smaller amount of energy Gk an-/ not, without N/A N/A anaerobic, anaerobically, respiratory, respirability,
glycolysis the enzymatic breakdown of a carbohydrate (as glucose) by way of phosphate derivatives with the production of pyruvic or lactic acid and energy stored in high-energy phosphate bonds of ATP Gk N/A Lysis/a loosening N/A glycolytic, glyconic, glycolic, glycolate
fermentation an enzymatically controlled anaerobic breakdown of an energy-rich compound (as a carbohydrate to carbon dioxide and alcohol or to an organic acid Lt N/A fervere / to boil, seethe N/A fermentability, fermentable, fermentative, fermentive
Created by: Moore
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