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Deep Back Muscles
Origins, Insertions, Actions and Innervations
Muscle | Origin | Insertion | Action | Innervation | Muscle Group Name |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rectus Capitus Major, Minor and Oblique Capitis Major, Minor | ----- | ---- | Extend and rotate head | Dorsal Ramus of C1, Suboccipital Nerve | Suboccipital Muscles |
Intertransversarii | transverse process | transverse process of adjacent vertebrae | lateral flexion of spine | dorsal rami of mixed spinal nerves | Segmental Muscle Group |
Interspinales | spinous process | spinous process of adjacent vertebrae | extension of the spine (brings segments together) | dorsal rami of mixed spinal nerves | Segmental Muscle Group |
Multifidus | Sacrum, ilium, transverse process of lumbar and thoracic, lumbar and cervical vertebrae | spinous process (spanning 2-4 intervertebral spaces before inserting) | stabilize vertebral column | dorsal rami of mixed spinal nerve | Transversospinales Group |
Semispinalis Cervicis (Thoracis, Cervicis, Capitis) | transverse process | spinous process and occipital bone (spanning 4-6 vertebral levels, running upward and medially) | extends head and vertebral column and rotates contralaterally(except capitis) | dorsal rami of mixed spinal nerve | Transversospinales Group |
Rotatores | transverse process and articular process | spinous processes (lamina), spans 1-2 levels | rotation to opposite side, extension | dorsal rami of mixed spinal nerves | Transversospinales Group |
Splenius Cervicis | T3-6 | C1-3 | bilaterally extends, unilaterally flexes and rotates neck to ipsilateral side | dorsal rami of mixed spinal nerves | Spinotransversalis Group |
Splenius Capitis | C7-T4, ligamentum nuchae | mastoid process, superior nuchal line | bilaterally extends, unilaterally flexes and rotates to ipsilateral side | dorsal rami of mixed spinal nerves | Spinotransversalis Group |
Spinalis (Capitis-blending with semi-spinalis), cervicis and thoracis) | spinous process | spinous process and occiput | extends vertebral column and head | dorsal rami of mixed spinal nerve | Erector Spinae Group |
Longissimus(capitis, cervicis, thoracis) | common tendon, transverse process | transverse process, angle of ribs and mastoid process | extends and laterally bends vertebral column or head | dorsal rami of mixed spinal nerve | Erector Spinae Group |
Iliocostalis (cervicis, thoracis, lumborum) | common tendon, ilium, angle of ribs | ribs and transverse processes(in cervical region) | extends and laterally bends vertebral column | dorsal rami from mixed spinal nerves | Erector Spinae Group |