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NURS261
Unit 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A medication is selected based on its effect on the client's target symptoms | Principles that guide pharmacologic management |
| Many psychotropic drugs must be given in adequate dosages for some time before their full effect is realized | Principles that guide pharmacologic management |
| The dosage of medication often is adusted to the lowest effect dosage for the client | Principles that guide pharmacologic management |
| As a rule, older adults require lower dosages of medications than do younger clients to experience therapeutic effects | Principles that guide pharmacologic management |
| Psychotropic medications often are decreased gradually ( tapering) rather than abruptly. This is because of potential problems with rebound ( temporary return of symptoms) recurrence of the original symptoms, or withdrawal | Principles that guide pharmacologic management |
| Follow-up and compliance | Principles that guide pharmacologic management |
| Remember to check what other psychotropics and other medications a patient is on to avoid adverse reactios and potential medical crisis | Principles that guide pharmacologic management |
| necessary in just the right proportions to relay messages across synapses | Neuro transmitters |
| are chemical substances manufactured in the neuron that aid in transmission of information thru-out the body | Neuro transmitter |
| located in brain stem. Control complex movements, motivation, cognition, regulation of emotional responses. implicated in schizophrenia and parkinson's disease | Dopamine |
| located in brain stem. Role are changes in attention, learning and memory, sleep and wakefulness, mood regulation. Excess can cause anxiety disorders. Deficit contributed to memory loss, social withdrawal and depression. | Norepinephrine |
| controls fight or flight response in peripheral nervous system | Epinephrine |
| found in the brain. Controls food intake, sleep, wakefulness, temperature regulation, pain control, sexual behaviors, regulations of emotions. plays important role in anxiety and mood disorders and schizophrenia. | Serotonin |
| controls alertness, gastric secretions, cardiac stimulations, peripheral allergic responses. Some psycotropic drugs block this resulting in weight gain, sedation and hypotension. | histamine |
| Contributes to delusions, hallucinations and withrawal behavior seen in schizophrenia | serotonin |
| inhibitory and modulates other neurotransmitters. Benzodiazepine increase this transmitters and help increase its functions and used to treat anxiety and induce sleep. | GABBA |
| excitatory, results in neurotoxicity if levels too high, can cause stroke, hypoglycemia, sustained hypoxia, ischemia, and implicated in huntington's disease | Glutamate |
| found in brain, spinall cord, peripheral nervous system at juction of skeleta muscle. controls sleep, wakefulness cycle, signals muscle to become alert. Can be excitatory or exhibitory. Synthesized from red meats and vegetables. | acetycholine |
| implicated in alzheimer, and myasthemia gravis ( muscle weakness) | acetycholine |
| increase the actions of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA. Neuron excitability is reduced.reduced anxiety, insomnia, and seizures | Benzodiazepine |
| physical dependence, drowsiness,dizziness, sedation, poor coordination, impaired memory or clouded sensorium, headache, dry mouth, blurred vision | Benzodiazepine side effects |
| 1. anxiety r/t GABA increases 2. impaired physical mobility r/t drowsiness and weakness | Nursing diagnoses |
| avoid other CNS depressants such as antihistamine and alcohol | Nursing implications |
| avoid caffeine | Nursing implications |
| rise slowly from lying or sitting position | Nursing implications |
| Drink adequte fluids | Nursing implications |
| take only as prescribed | Nursing implications |
| do not stop taking the drug abruptly to avoid rebound-effect | Nursing implications |
| use sugar-free beverages or hard candy for dry mouth | Nursing implications |
| Fever Leukopenia Malaise Tolorancee | adverse reactions of benzodiazepine |
| Administer an emetic and follow with activated charcoal if the client is conscious. Use gastric lavage if unconscious maintain airway, give O2, monitor VS. Give IV vasopressors for severe hypotension | Benzodiazepine OD'd treatment |
| Flumazenil ( Romazicon) use IV if required. | benzodiazepine antagonist |
Created by:
fentayo316
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