what things is each planet's characteristics determined mostly by

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College Science Ch 1

Question	Answer
How many planets are in the solar system?	nine
what number planet from the sun is Earth	3
what things is each planet's characteristics determined mostly by	the planet's density, composition, and distance from the sun
mercury, venus, earth, and mars are known as the ?	inner planets
the inner planets are made mostly of?	rock
the last five planets are known as the?	outer planets
the outerplanets are mostly? Except?	gases; pluto
pluto is a mixture of?	rock and ice
earth is the only planet the can?	support life
living things are called?	organisms
organisms can be found in what places on earth?	land water and air
the layer of land that forms Earth's surface	litosphere
the litosphere included?	rocks, soil and sand
includes all the parts of Earth that are made up of water	hydrosphere
the hydrosphere includes all?	oceans, lakes, rivers, underground water and clouds in the air
the layer of air that surrounds the Earth	atmosphere
what is one of the most important reasons earth can support life?	the presence of liquid water
water exist in the solar system but it is usually in the form of?	ice or vapor
on Earth liquid water in the hydrosphere ?	stores heat
the solar system consists of?	the suns, bodies that orbit Sun (planets, moons, and a belt of asteroids)
what is the order of the planets from closer to farther from the sun?	mercury, venus, earth, mars, jupiter, saturn, uranus, neptune, pluto
______ only makes up only a small portion of the energy given off by the sun	visible light
every type of wave has a?	specific range of wavelengths
Water absorbs heat during ____ periods and releases it during the _____ periods	warm; cold
water on earth?	helps maintain a steady surface temp
many of the substances that all living things need?	dissolve in water
chemical reactions that take place within organisms occur in?	water
Air is a mixture of _____, ike ___, ____, ____ ____	gases; nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, water vapor
another reason earth can support life is because of its?	atmosphere
the atmosphere helps keep a?	steady suface temp
most organisms require o2 to use?	energy
almost all the energy used by organisms orignally comes from?	the sun
the energy from the sun for the organisms travels in?	waves
most waves are?	invisible
waves in a narrow range of wavelengths, called the _____, can be seen by the human eye	visible spectrum
the interactions among nonliving and living parts of the earth are the subject of? (the study of earth)	ecology
the _____ flows to almost every part of the planet	hydrosphere
what are some of the most populated areas in the world?	where the litosphere and the hydrosphere meet
the litoshphere varies in thickness from ____ to ____	10 to 200 Km
what are the 3 main types of rock that makes up the litosphere	igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic
how are the rocks of the litosphere classified	the way they form
when liquid rock cools, it solidifies to become?	igneous rock
under the hard, solid litoshere, earth's interior contain Hot, melted rock in _____ form	liquid
The lava that flows from a volcano can cool to form the ______	igneous rock basalt
molten material deep within the earth can form the igneous rock ____	granite
Rocks break down slowly. the tiny pieces of rock the wear off become ____ that are carried awa by ___ and ____	sediments, wind and water
as layers of sediments accumulate, they become compressed and cemented into?	sedimentary rock
in what kind of rock are fossils usually found?	sedimentary
what are two examples of sedimentary rock?	limestone and sandstone
_____ and ____ can cause rocks to undergo changes	heat and pressure
rock that has been transformed by heat and pressure is called?	metamorphic rock
what kind of rock can form from igneous, sedimentary or metamorphic rocks?	metamorphic rock
what are three examples of metamorphic rock?	marble and slate and gneiss
more than ___ percent of the salt in water is NaCl	75
more than ___ percent of the earth;s surface is?	water
because of its large proportions of water, earth is sometimes called the?	water planet
more than ____ percent of the hydrosphere is salt water.	97
where is most salt water contained?	oceans ( but there are also some salt lakes ( Great Salt Lakes))
about ____ grams of salt is dissolved in each ___ of ocean water	35, liter
fresh water contains less dissolved ___ than salt water	salt
where is freshwater mostly found?	lakes, ponds, streams, underground water
fresh water makes up less than ____ percent of the hydrosphere	3
more than ____ of the freshwater exists in ____ and ____	2/3, frozen glaciers and ice caps
____ water supports most life on earth	fresh
the availability of ___ water often determines he types and numbers or organisms that an area can support	fresh
what two types can fresh water be divided into?	surface water and groundwater
what is included in surface water?	lakes, streams and rain runoff
what is included in groundwater?	beneath the earth's surface,
_____ (a type of fresh water) moves very slowly through small spaces in and between rocks.	groundwater
groundwater moves more easily through rock layers that are _____	porous
an underground layer of porous rock that contains water is called ______	an aquifer
an aquifer may reach the surface of the ground, resulting in ______	a natural spring
when there is 2 layers of rock that water can't move through, pressure in the aquifer builds up from water pressure and the weight of the rock layer above the water, if a _____ is drilled her, water will flow ____ to the surface	well, freely
wells in which water flows to the surface due to high pressure underground are called ____	artesian wells.
most of the fresh water used by people ____?	is pumped from wells drilled in aquifers.
water in aquifers is replenished ____?	slowly
many aquifers in the us are beginning to _____?	dry up
an envelope of gases that surrounds Earth and includes the air we breathe is the?	atmosphere
how many layers is the atmosphere divided into?	4
what are the 4 layers of the atmosphere from the earth's surface up?	troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere
gases become ____ dense the farther they are from the earth's surface	less
the atmosphere is made up of about ___ percent N and ____ percent O. and ___ percent is ______, _____, _____	78, 21, 1, water vapor, dust particles, small amounts of other gases
how much of the air is made up of Carbon dioxide?	about 0.04 %
T or F: no one can say exactly where the Earth's atmosphere ends.	true
To obtain energy from food, most organisms use ____ and give off _____.	oxygen, carbon dioxide
_____ is also released into the atmosphere by volcanic eruptions and whenever fuels like wood, coal, and gasoline are burned	carbon dioxide
when carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases absorb, and thus trap, some of the thermal energy given off after Earth's surface is heated by sunlight is called?	the greenhouse effect
the layer of the atmosphere that touches the surface of Earth is called the?	troposphere
The troposhere extends to a height of about ___ to ___ above Earth's surface	8 to 18 km
T or F: Most of the gas molecules in the atmosphere are in the troposphere.	true
the tropshere contains most of the ___ in the atmosphere and is the layer in which most ____ occurs	water vapor, weather
the ___ that carry weather across Earth are an important factor in the ____ of an area	winds, climate
Beyond the troposphere, reaching a height of 50 km above Earth, is the _	stratosphere
The stratosphere reaches from ___ to ___?	19 to 50 km
______ disturbances that are common in the troposphere do not occur in the stratosphere.	weather
The ___ stratosphere contains a layer of gas called the ozone	upper
a form of oxygen gas containing 3 oxygen atoms per molecule.	Ozone
the oxygen you breathe in in the troposphere contians ___ oxygen atoms in each molecule	2
____ ____ are caused by the rotation of Earth and by temperature differences.	prevailing winds
the ozone layer filters out most of the ____ from the sun	uv rays
___ is 1 of the many types of electromagnetic waves produced by the sun.	Ultraviolet radiation
True or false. Without the filter action of the ozone layer, the sun's uv radiation would destroy much is a life on earth.	true
The mesosphere extends up to ____ above earth's surface.	85 kilometers
The mesosphere is the _____ layer of the atmosphere what temperatures as low as ______	coldest, -100 degrees celsius
The _____ is the outermost layer of the atmosphere	thermosphere
The thermosphere experiences temperatures at high as ______, though air pressure is less than _____ of that at earth's surface	2000 degrees celsius, 1/10000
_______ in 1 layer of the thermosphere are bombarded with rays from the sun	Gas molecules
The rays that bombard with the gas molecules cause the gas molecules to ______ and they become _____	lose electrons, ions
The layer of the thermosphere with the ions is called the _____	ionosphere
When gas molecules interact with ______, _____ is given off. this process occurs most in the poles resulting in an _____.	free electrons,light, aurora
An aurora borealis the occurs in the thermosphere of the ______ hemisphere	Northern
In aurora australis occurs in the _______ hemisphere	Southern
True or false. Together the parts of the lithosphere hydrosphere and atmosphere when life exists make up the biosphere.	true
All the parts of earth that support and contain life.	Biosphere
The biosphere reaches from where to where?	the floor of the ocean to the top of the highest mountain.
The biosphere is a layer blanketing the earth about _____ thick	20 kilometers
Although the biosphere is 20 kilometers thick most organisms live in a _____ range	narrower
Why is life rare deep below the surface of the ocean?	the pressure is so high and very little food is available
Why do a few organism live atop the tallest mountain?	Air pressure is too low and temperatures are too cold
Most live on earth exist between _____ below the surface of the ocean and about _____ above sea level.	500 meters, 6 kilometers
All organisms obtain the materials they need to live from the ____	biosphere
Although individual organisms may live mostly on land, water or in the air, all organisms depend on materials from ____	each of these 3 areas on earth.
True or false. organisms find the energy they need in many different parts of the biosphere.	true
Most energy originate from ____	sunlight
Animals obtain most of their energy by ____	eating plants and other animals
Energy constantly flows into the biosphere as ___, flows through ___ in the environment, and eventually flows out of the biosphere as ____ and is lost to space	sunlight, organisms, heat
Are organisms affected by changes in the biosphere?	yes
Can organisms cause changes to occur in the environment?	yes
Because organisms affect the environment and changes in the environment affect organisms the biosphere is a very complex network of ______	interactions
Rocks and soil anchor the tree and contain important _____ and _____	minerals and nutrients
the leaves of the tree absorb ____ from the atmosphere and release ____ and ______	CO2, oxygen and water vapor
the tree absorbs groundwater with its ____ and transports the water to the ____	roots, leaves

Created by: kittybroad

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