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Which phrase best describes the science of nursing?
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The skilled application of the knowledge is the ____ ___ ______.
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Exam 1
Nursing History, Communication, Health/Wellness,
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which phrase best describes the science of nursing? | the knowledge base for care |
| The skilled application of the knowledge is the ____ ___ ______. | art of nursing |
| Who in nursing history is credited with establishing nursing education? | Florence Nightingale |
| This person volunteered for Union army during Civil War and was President of the American Red Cross, refused salary, for 22 years, nursed younger bro when she was 11 | Clara Barton |
| What makes nursing a profession? (7 things) | Theoretical frameworks, Knowledge, Service, professional organizations, research & evidence-based practice, autonomy, code of ethics |
| Roles of the Nurse: (7 things) | Caregiver, Advocate, Educator, Communicator, Manager, Colleague/Collaborator, Expert |
| 4 Aims of Nursing: | Promote Health, Restore Health, Prevent Illness, Facilitate Coping |
| Nurses promote health by ______, ______, and _____ patients strength | identifying, analyzing, maximizing |
| It means we help the client make decisions about their _________ and we provide info, resources, and tools so they can succeed. | lifestyle |
| These are the four essential skills of a nurse: | cognitive, technical, interpersonal, ethical |
| The knowledge base for nursing practice includes _____, _______, and ______. | diagnosis, interventions, evaluation |
| AMA describes Nurses focus on ______ and responses to birth, health, ilness, and death within the context of families, groups, and communities | human experience |
| Professional Nursing organization founded in the late 1800's, state nurse association, education standards, politics to advance the profession of nursing | ANA/ American Nursing Association |
| Professional Nursing Organization that is open to all not just nurses and there mission is to foster development & improvement of nursing services and education thru data collection, assessment, and evaluation | NLN/ National League for Nurses |
| This person started A.A.S degree Nursing programs | Mildred Montag |
| Starting in 1951 till present and was developed by research and experimentation. Largest producer of Nursing graduates | Associate Degree Nursing |
| Arose in 1880's, teaches knowledge and theory & practice of nursing with a focus on other disciplines of nursing educators, advanced practice nurses, clinical specialist, all have graduate degrees. | Baccalaureate Nurse |
| What is the purpose of the ANA's Scope and Standards of Practice? | to define the activities that are special and unique to nursing |
| What type of authority regulates the practice of nursing? | State practice acts |
| Nursing has broadened in all areas, including practice in a wide variety of healthcare settings, _____________, | the development of a specific body of knowledge, the conduct and publication of nursing research, and recognition of the roloe of nursing promoting health. |
| The increased emphasis on nursing knowledge as the base for evidence based practice has led to the growth of nursing as a __________. | professional discipline |
| The central focus in all definitions of nursing is the patient and includes the _____, ______, ________, and _______ dimensions of that person. | physical, emotional, social, and spiritual |
| Nursing concepts and definitions have expanded to include the ________ and the _____ and _______ of health of individuals, families, and communities | prevention of illness,promotion, maintenance, |
| Identify nursing roles in all settings.(8) | Caregiver, Communicator, Teacher/Educator, Counselor, Leader, Researcher, Advocate, Collaborator |
| The role of ______ is the primary role of a nurse | caregiver |
| the state of optimal functioning or well-being | Health |
| Health is not based merely on the absense of _____ or ______. | disease or infirmity |
| an active state of being healthy by living a lifestyle that promotes good physical, mental, and emotional health | Wellness |
| Nursing promote health by ______, _______, and _______ each patient's own individual strengths as componets of preventing illness, restoring health, and facilitating coping with disability or death. | identifying, analyzing, and maximizing |
| A level of health or wellness is strongly influenced by wgat us termed _________. | health literacy |
| _________ is the ability of patients to obtain, process, and understand the basic information needed to make appropriate decisions about health. | Health Literacy |
| ____ _____ is the framework of nursing activities. | Health promotion |
| Nurses prevent illness primarily by ______ and by ______ ______. | teaching and personal example |
| ________ allows nurses to carry out professional roles, serving as protection nurse, the patient, and the institution where healthcare is given. | Standards |
| ______ are laws established in each state in the United States to regulate the practice of nursing. | Nurse Practice Act |
| ______ allows a nurse to apply for and be endorsed as a registered nurse by another state. | Reciprocity |
| Integrates both art and the science of nursing making nursing visible | nursing process |
| Used to identify patients needs and strengths,to establish and carry out a plan of care to meet those needs,and to evaluate the effectiveness of the plan of care to meet those needs,and evaluate the effectiveness of the plan to meet established outcomes. | Nursing process |
| Exchanging information and generating and transmitting meanings between two or more individuals | Process of Communication |
| Process of communication is initiated based on a ________. | need or stimulus, Example: patient's desire for info |
| Sender of message (actual physiological product of source) that initiates process | Source/encoder |
| the medium sender uses to send the message | channel |
| What 3 possible channels can sender use to send message? | auditory, visual, kinesthetic |
| _______ must translate and interpret message sent and decide how to respond. | Receiver/decoder |
| ________ of message provides ________ that receiver understood intended meaning of message. | Confirmation/Feedback or evidence |
| Product of sender could be a _____,_____,_____,______,_____,______. | speech interview, conversation, chart, gesture, memorandum, nursing note. |
| 2 Forms of Communication | verbal (written or spoken words) and Non-Verbal |
| Discuss ways that a person may communicate non-verbally | -Touch-EyeContact-Facial Expressions-Posture, Gait (shuffle or walking slow)-Gestures-General Physical appearance-Dress or Grooming-Sounds-Silence |
| 8 Factors that influence Communication: | Developmental level,Gender,Socialcultural differences,Roles and Responsibilities,Space and Territoriality,Physical Mental and Emotional State, Values, Enviroment |
| Give an example how can the factor of developmental level influence communication. | 10 yr old may not understand the what an infection means |
| Give an example how can the factor of gender influence communication? | men and women communicate differently |
| Give an example how the factor of social differences influence communication. | lifestyle, language, behavior patterns, traditions, beliefs |
| Give an example how the factor of roles and responsibilities influence communication. | Use common terms. For example if someone doesn't work in healthcare they may not understand and also be careful not to ignore the quiet patient |
| Give an example how the factor of space and territoriality influence communication. | develop the habit of asking to touch certain areas like mouth, neck, private areas, etc |
| Give an example how the factor of Physical, mental, and emotional state influence communication | full bladder, headache fear of communication may make them act differently |
| Give an example of how the factor of Value influence communication. | value of themselves |
| Give an example how the factor of environment influence communication | can facilitate good or bad. The most conducive is calm & non threatening. Music, Art, decoration can help patient, children might not be comfortable without parent, aids patient may only want to discuss privately |
| Identify Patients goals for all phases of the "Helping Relationship." | Orientation, Working,Termination phase |
| The helping relationship exists amoung people who ______ and _______ assistance in meeting human needs. | provide and receive |
| The helping relationship moves toward ________ or _____ gratification. | common goals or needs |
| The helping relationship must have _____ and ______ in order to achieve. | rapport and trust |
| Describe how to use the SBAR method of communication. | Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendations, Questions- All can be used during shift reports to speak to physicians, and during patient transfer |
| Using the SBAR technique what is involved in the situation aspect? | Provide objective data. Why are you the nurse calling. Be specific |
| Using the SBAR technique what is involved in the background aspect? | who is the patient, age, gender, diagnosis |
| Using the SBAR technique what is involved in the Assesment & Recommendations aspect? | allows the presentation of subjective data. Example: I don't know what's wrong with patient but here are the issues dah,dah,dah,dah |
| Using the SBAR technique what is involved in the Questions aspect? | this is what was asked and these are the orders I received or did not recieve. |
| the process of exchanging information and generating and transmitting meanings between two or more individuals. | communcation |
| self-talk, is the communication that happens within an individual. | IntrApersonal communication |
| occurs between two or more people with a goal to exchange messages. | Interpersonal communication |
| occurs when nurses interact with two or more individuals. | Small group communication |
| occurs when individuals and groups within an organization communicate to achieve established goals | organizational communication |
| refers to the common lifestyles, languages, behavior patterns,traditions, and beliefs that are learned and passed from one generation to the next | Culture |
| The first step of cultural competence is becoming aware of your own personal cultural beliefs and identifying ________ or _______ that could be a barrier to good communication. | prejudices or attitudes |
| Understanding a patient's culture assists in understanding _______ communication. | nonverbal, For example: women in some cultures only speak of personal things to their spouses. |
| the major focus is to gather information in both verbal and nonverbal communication forms. | Assessing |
| The _______ diagnosis becomes a permanent part of the patients record. | written |
| Verbal and nonverbal communication are employed to enhance basic caregiving measures to teach, counsel, and support patients and thier families during the _________ phase. | implementing (ex. taking in fluiods. You would check back with them to see how they are doing several times and document) |
| _______ is the means used to establish rapport and helping trust relationships. | Communication |
| Conversation skills include: | tone of voice control, be knowledgeable about the topic, be flexible, be clear and concise,avoid words that have different meanings (semantics), be truthful, keep an open mind, take advantage of available opportunities |
| Therapeutic communication puts focus on _______. Allowing the patient to verbalize concerns. | patient |
| involves "unruffling" or clearing, congested areas of energy in the body and redirecting the energy,=. | Therapeutic touch |
| used to obtain needed information while remaining flexible in approach | interviewing techniques |
| a stereotyped, trite, or pat answer | cliche (ex: cheer up tomorrow will be another day) |
| anger and aggressive behavior between nurses, or nurse to nurse hostility | horizontal violence |
| more than just the absence of illness, an active process in which an individual moves toward his or her maximum potential. | health |
| care that addresses the many dimensions that comprise the whole individual, the nurse must understand and respect each person's own definition of health and responses to illness and should be familiar with models of health and illness. | holistic care |
| a classic definition----a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity | HEALTH |
| how frequently a disease occurs | morbidity |
| numbers of death | mortality |
| a term often used interchangeably with health, is an active state of being healthy by living a lifestyle that promotes good physical, mental, emotional health. | Wellness |
| an active state, regardless of ones level of health | wellness |
| a medical term, meaning that there is a pathologic change in the structure or function of the body or mind/or an alteration in body function which causes reduced capacitys or shortened lifespan | disease |
| is the response of the person to a disease; it is an abnormal process in which the person's level of functioning is changed when compared with a previous level or experience | illness |
| Illnesses are classified as either _____ or _____. | acute or chronic |
| usually a rapid onset of symptoms and lasts onlu a relatively short time. | acute illness |
| True or False. Illness & Wellness are opposite. | False- subjective |
| 5 Stages of illness are...... | 1.Symptoms experiences 2.Assumption of sick role 3. Medical care contact 4. Dependent client role 5. Recovery or Rehabilitation |
| 4 Primary Nursing Roles | 1. promote health 2. prevent illness 3. restore health 4. Facilitate coping |
| Priorty ONE in the nursing role of patient educator is _______________ | Promotion and Prevention |
| last longer than 6 months and characterized by increased wellness. Broad term that encompasses many different physical and mental alterations in health. | chronic illness |
| Usually has one or more of the following characterics: 1.permanent change 2. it causes, or is caused by irreversable alterations in normal anatomy and physiology 3. It requires special patient education for rehabilitation. 4. It requires a long period | chronic illness |
| when the disease is present, but the person does not experience symptoms | remission |
| the symptoms of the disease disappear. | exacerbation |
| Factors affecting Health and Illness are: | 1. Basic Human Needs 2. Human Demensions 3. Physical 4. Emotional 5. Intellectual 6. Enviromental 7. Sociocultural 8. Spiritual |
| the behavior of an individual that is motivated by a personal desire to increase well-being and health potential | Health promotion |
| The 3 Levels of Prevention are: | 1. Primary 2. Secondary 3. Tertiary |
| Focus of Primary prevention is: | delay onset of or prevent disease or injury |
| Focus of Secondary prevention is: | early detection of disease & prompt treatment/decrease morbidity & disability |
| Focus of Tertiary prevention is: | reduce disabililty & rehabilitate after diagnosis/treatment (treatment to minimize effects |
| name an Example of Primary prevention | -Risk assessment -Immunizations -water treatment -seat belts/child seats |
| name an Example of Secondary prevention | -Regular screenings (TB,BP,pap,mammogram) -Education (detection: breast self exam, testicular self exam |
| name an example of Tertiary prevention | -MONITORING! -Teaching such as disease complications - referral support group |
| annual exam. Primary, Secondary or Tertiary? | Secondary |
| Turning client every two hours to avoid skin breakdown. Primary, Secondary or Tertiary? | Tertiary |
| Mobile mammogram unit. Primary, Secondary or Tertiary? | Secondary |
| Smoking cessation. Primary, Secondary or Tertiary? | Primary |
| Childhood immunizations. Primary, Secondary or Tertiary? | Primary |
| Stool softeners with narcotic meds. Primary, Secondary or Tertiary? | Tertiary |
| Water treatment facility. Primary, Secondary or Tertiary? | Primary |
| is one way to measure a person's level of health | Health-Illness Continuum |
| What is Maslow's hierarchy of basic needs? | certain needs are more basic or essential than others needs can be considered. It's useful for understanding the relationships of basic needs and for establishing priorities of care |
| Maslow's hierarchy is based on the theory that something is a basic need if it has one of the following characterics: | 1. Its absence results in illness. (food) 2.Its presence helps prevents illness or signals health 3.Meeting it restores health 4. it is preferred over other satifactions when unmet 5. one feels something is missing when the need is unmet. 6.Satisfaction |
| List the 5 levels of need, with physiologic being the most basic by Maslow: | Level 1: Physiologic Needs Level 2:Safety and security needs 3.Love and belonging needs 4. Self-Esteem needs 5. Self-actualization needs |
| oxygen, water, food, temperature, elimination, sexuality, physical activity, and rest-must be met atleast minimally to maintain life. The needs are the most basic and most essential to life and therefore highest priority | Physiological needs |
| Using proper hand hygiene and sterile techniques to prevent infection, using electrical equipment properly, administering medications properly, using skill when moving and ambulating patients, teaching parents anout household chemicals that are dangerous | Safety and Security needs |
| Including family and friends in the care of the patient, establishing a nurse-patient relationship based on mutual understanding and trust (by demonstarting caring, encouraging communication, and respecting privacy), referring patients to support groups | Love and Belonging Needs |
| include the need for a person to feel good about thereself, to feel pride and a sense of accomplishment. Nurses can help patients need of this by respecting their beliefs and values, encouraging patients to set attainable goals, and facilitating suppport | Self-Esteem |
| This is the highest level of heirarchy of needs which include the need for individuals to reach thier full potential though development. Each lower level of need must be met to some degree before this one can be satisfied | Self-Acualization |
| The nurse focuses on the person's strengths and possibilities rather than on problems, maximizing the patients potential | self-actualization |
| refers to interventions that can be used with traditional medical interventions and this compliment them. | complementary therapies |
| methods not included in the scope of conventional medical care | alternative modalities |
| an acronym used by nurses to refer to complementary and alternative modalities | CAT or CAM |
| paticulary effective when aggressive treatment is needed in emergency situation | Allopathic medicine (aka biomedicine) |
| CAT are based on a theory and philosophy of _______. | Holism upon which Holistic nursing is based |
| ________ consider interconnected dimensions of the client when treating them as a whole and looks at the interaction of the person within thier enviroment | Holism/Holistic nursing |
| therapy that looks at the mind-body-spirit, interventions aimed at the whole person, non-pharmacological methods, and augment standard treatments | Holistic Therapy |
| used in conjuction with western medicine & therapeutic techniques (examples:mesage therapy, aroma therapy, meditation) | Complemtary therapy |
| similar to complimentary therapy except these treatments often replace conventional or western medicine. Many do not interfere with treatments regulary prescribed by physicians (ex: herbal, diet, chiropractic, acupuncture) | Alernative therapy |
| Allopathic medicine is _________ | Conventional |
| presribed by doctor not very affective with chronic illness | Western medicine |
| Allopathic medicine more beneficial in conjuction with ________. | CAT |
| Most frequently CAT therapies are : | natural products, chiropractiv, yoga, massage |
| List the 4 Domains of CAT | 1. Mind-Body 2. Energy Medicine 3. Manipulative-Body based practices 4.Biologically Based practices |
| Uses techniques that enhance the minds ability to affect body functions (Examples: meditation, imagery, biofeedback, relaxation, | Mind-Body medicine |
| Uses & manipulates energy fields to reduce pain from injuries, trauma, anxiety, depression. (Examples: accupuncture, rakki, acuupressure) | energy medicine |
| Manipulative the structures of the body (ex:chiropractic, yoga, message) | Manipulative & Body-Based practives |
| plant and animal derived extracts and vitamins | Biologically Based Practices |
| Checklist to ensure informed consent | 1)Disclosure 2)Comprehension 3)Competence 4)Voluntariness |
| _____ when patient/surrogate has been informed of the (1)nature of the procedure(2)risks-nature of risks,magnitude, probability that the risk will materialize and benefits(3)alternatives (including non treatment) (4)fact that no outcomes can be garunteed | Disclosure (informed consent) |
| _____ when patient/surrogate can correctly repeat in his or her own words that for which they are giving consent. | Comprehension (informed consent) |
| _____when the patient understands the information needed to make this decision, is able to reason in accord with a relatively consistent set of values, and can communicate a preference. the surrogate (if needed) meets the above criteria | Competence (informed consent) |
| _____ when the patient is voluntary consenting or refusing. Care has been taken to avoid manipulative and coercive influences | Voluntariness (informed consent) |
| _____ is a violation punishable by the state | crime |
| _____is subject to action in a civil court with damages usually being settled with money. | tort |
| may be held liable of assualt and battery, defamation of character, invasion of privacy, false imprisonment, and fraud, considered to have knowledge of the permitted legal limits of his or her words or acts | intentional torts |
| ____ are referred to as negligence. A nurse who fails to initiate proper precautions to prevent patient harm (falls, skin breakdown) is subject to the charge of negligence | UNintentinal torts |
| An act that is a tort may also be a ______. | crime |
| Laws affecting Nursing Practice | 1)Occupational Safety and Health 2)National ??????????????????????????????? |
| Being ________ means being attentive and responsive to the healthcare needs of individual patients. It means that my concern for the patient transcends whatever happens during my shift, and that I ensure continuity of care when I leave the patient | accountability of the nurse |
| _______is the process of bringing and trying a lawsuit | litigation |
| The two level of courts in the United States are _____ courts and _______ courts. | trial / appellate |
| Your state's ______ _______ ______ is the most important law affecting your nursing practice. | Nurse practive act |
| ___________ list the violations that can result in disciplinary actions against a nurse and also serve to exclude untrained or unlicensed people from practicing nursing. | Nurse practice Acts |
| A _____ is a standard of rule of conduct established and enforced by the goverment that is intended chiefly to protect the rights of the public. | A law |
| is a law in which goverment is involved directly. It regulates relationships between individuals and the goverment, for example, describing the powers of the goverment. | Public LAW |
| _____ also called civil law, regulats relationships among people. | Private law |
| ____ includeds laws relating to contracts, ownership of property, and the practice of nursing, medicine, pharmacy, dentistry. | Civil Law |
| _____ concerns state and federal criminal statutes, which define criminal actions such as murderer, manslaughter, criminal negligence, theft, and illegal possession of drugs. | Criminal law |
| Reporting Obligations for nurses | state requires to be reported such as child abuse, rape, or a communicable disease. The nurse is responsible for knowing what needs to be reported in the local area and to what authority. |
| a special form of credentialing based on laws passed by a state legislature. A license is a legal document that permits a person to offer to the public skills and knowledge in a paticular jurisdiction, where such practice would otherwise be unlawful | Licensure |
| is composed of a group of concepts that describe a pattern of reality. | theory |
| Common concepts in Nursing theories | (1)the person (patient) (2)the enviroment (3)health (4)nursing |
| The focus of nursing, regardless of definition or theory, is the _______. | person |
| outlines the process of growth and development of humans as orderly and predictable, beginning with conception and ending with death. | Developmental theory |
| in nursing is a problenm-solving approach to making clinical decisions, using the best evidence available considered "best" because it is collected from sources such as published research, national standards, and guidelines and reviews of targeted litera | Evidence based practice (EBP) |
| Core temperatures are measured by nurses at _______ or ______, but they may also be measured in the esophgus, pulmonary artery, or bladder by invasive monitoring devices | tympanic or rectal sites |
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