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Mech/Disease Lec1 SM
OTH2410 Conditions Fall 2012 SM
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is an antigenic substance capable of producing an allergic responce in the body? | Allergen |
| What is a severe systemic allergic responce characterized by redness, itching, swelling, & water buildup (angioedema): in severe cases, life-threatening respiratory distress & rapid BP drop (anaphylactic shock) | Anaphylaxis |
| Antigen | Any substance that stimulates the immune system to produce antibodies |
| Asymptomatic | Without symptoms |
| Carcinogenic | A substance that produces cancer or that causes transformation of a normal cell to a cancerous one. |
| Chromosome | Structures in the nucleus of a cell that function in the transmission of genetic information. |
| Genotype | The genetic code & chromosomes contained in every cell exactly in an individual's body |
| Homeostasis | A state of equilibrium in the body. |
| Ischemia | Holding back or obstructing the flow of blood. |
| Metastasis | Spreading of a malignant disease or pathogenic microorganisms from one organ or part to another not directly connected with it. |
| Mutation | A variation or change in genetic structure. |
| Pathogensis | The development of disease; pathologic mechanisms. |
| What is Pathology | Scientific study of disease. |
| How do you measure homeostasis? | 5 vital signs: BP, Pulse, Temp, Resp Rate, Pain |
| What are signs? | Objective things you can measure such as vitals. |
| What are symptoms? | Subjective things the patient tells you such as aches/pains. |
| Acute is considered what versus Chronic? | Acute is less than 6 mo. whereas Chronic is over 6 mo. |
| What are predisposing factors of disease? | Age, Gender, Lifestyle, Enviroment, Heredity, ethnicity |
| What risk factors can be changed? | Lifestyle & Environment |
| What are the signs of Inflammation? | Redness, swelling, heat, pain, & loss of function. |
| What are the signs of Local Infection? | Redness, swelling, heat pain, pus, enlarged lymph nodes, red streaks, fever. |
| What are the signs of Systemic Infection? | Fever, headache, body aches, weakness, fatigue, loss of appetite, delirium (goes into blood or lymph) |
| What 3 tests measure inflammation? | WBC, ESR, & CRP |
| What is used to treat Bacterial Infections? | Antibiotics |
| What is used to treat infections from Protozoa? | Antimicrobials |
| What is used to treat infections from Fungi: | Antifungals |
| What is used to treat virul infections? | No meds typically must run course. |
| What is direct contact? | When pathogen is transmitted directly to you from the source (via body fluids/contact,etc.) |
| What is indirect contact? | Transmission of a pathogen via food, fomite, vector. |
| What is the body's natural defenses against infection? | mechanical barriers (skin/mucus), chemical barriers (Antibodies), Inflammatory response (swelling) & immune response (T1's) |
| How do you prevent transmission of diseases? | 1. Education/immunization 2. Isolation/quarantine 3. kill pathogen 4. sterilization/HAND WASHING |
| What is a mutation? | An abnormality in a single gene |
| What is Polygenic? | Abnormality in several genes. |
| What are the 4 reasons for genetic disorders? | 1. Mutation 2. Polygensis 3. abnormal absence/presence of entire chromosome 4. alteration in structure of chromosome |
| Autosomal Dominant | Not on x/y--is expressed if just one gene has it (one parent) |
| Autosomal Recessive | Expressed only if both genes of that chromosome have it (both parents)--one parent can be carrier |
| X-Linked Recessive | Genetic disorder on sex chromosome. Males more vulnerable (as females have 2 x's) |
| What does genetic counseling do? | looks at components of disorder-statistics, test results, & assists family with coping. |
| Neoplasm | Abnormal formation of new tissue (Tumor-benign or malignant) |
| What 3 areas are used to assess cancer stages? | 1. Size/extent of primary tumor 2. extent of lymph node involvement 3. number of metastases |
| What are 3 Immune disorders? | 1. Allergies 2. Antigens 3. HIV |
| What is the most common cause of death in children & young adults? | Physical Trauma |
| What are considered Chemical Agents? | pollutants, poisons, drugs, preservatives, cosmetics, dyes |
| What are considered other agents/irritants? | Extreme heat/cold, radiation, electrical shock, insect or snake bites |
| What are 2 reasons for malnutrition? | 1. Internal Disorder (Crohn's, etc.) 2. Deficient Diet (ltd. food supply or extreme dieting) |
| List 7 Common concerns of ederly patients: | 1. Substance Abuse 2. Medications 3. loss of mental acuity 4. depression 5. Nutrition 6. Falls 7. Significant Life stressors |
| At what age do specific screenings start due to health decline in aging? | 40-50 |
| True/False: Chronic disease affects self esteem/behavior | True |
| True/False: Disease may lead to altered body image or emotional/social changes | True |
| What are the goals of DX & TX a disease? Which of these are teh OT responsible for? | 1. cure 2. Control Symptoms 3. Be Supportive (combination of all) OT is not liable for cure. |
| What are ways in which we can treat disease? | 1.preventative 2. therapeutic 3. medications 4. surgery 5. PT, OT, ST, 6. Diet, 7. Psych 8. Pat. Ed |
| Holistic treatment focuses on what? | The needs of the whole person: Spiritual, Cognitive, emotional, physical, Social. |
| What is the current trend in treating disease? | Involve the patient in choices of Tx & encourage active participation |
| What approach is used for complicated cases? | The team approach--PT,OT,ST,etc |
| What new therapies are also being utilized? | Gene Therapy & Stem Cell Research |
| What 3 proactive strategies are used for preventing disease & injury? | 1.Identify risk factors & use injury 2.Use prophylactic medical interventions 3. Public Education |
| What is used in H/C Institutions & employers? | 1.Preventive measures against nosocomial infections & screenings for teenage alchohol abuse 2. Employee wellness programs 3. equip safety measures 4. Improved labeling/packaging 5. early intervention for family violence 6. Vaccines |
| What are some common methods of non-tradional medicine? | Massage, Aromotherapy, Diet/nutrition, Chiro, Hypnosis, Prayer, Acupuncture/pressure, Reiki, Aromatherapy, Ostepathy, Reflex, Herbs, Music, Magnets, Shiatsu |
| What is important when teaching your patient? | 1. Patient Centered (involved) 2. directed, interactive plan of care 3. variety of methods |
| What is our goal in OT? | To help them with function, educate them about the disease & how it affects function & possibly help with pre/post op education. |
Created by:
RadGirl13
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