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Intro_CH.2 Key Terms
Intro to OT (4th ed.) - O'Brien & Hussey - CH.2_terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is moral treatment? | A movement grounded in the philosophy that all people, even the most challenged, are entitled to consideration and human compassion. Movement conceived by Philippe Pinel & William Tuke. |
| Who was Philippe Pinel? | French physician who advocated humane treatment for mentally ill patients in the late 1700s. Introduced "work treatment" for the "insane" - i.e., exercise, work, music, literature, & farming. |
| Who was William Tuke? | An English Quaker who opened the York Retreat, which pioneered new methods of treatment of mentally ill patients. |
| Who was Benjamin Rush? | An American Quaker who was the 1st physician to institute Moral Treatment practices. |
| What was the Arts & Crafts Movement? | Late 19th century movement born in reaction to the Industrial Revolution; emphasized craftsmanship & design. The movement was led by John Ruskin & William Morris. |
| Who was Dr. William Rush Dunton, Jr.? | Considered the father of OT; coined the phrase occupation therapy; introduced a regimen of crafts for his patients. Wrote Occupational Therapy: A Manual for Nurses. |
| Who was George Edward Barton? | An architect who opened Consolation House for convalescent patients, where occupation was used as a method of treatment. Recommended the term occupational therapy. |
| Who was Herbert Hall? | A physician who adapted the Arts & Crafts Movement for medical purposes. Main focus was Neurasthenia, and used the "work cure" approach. |
| Who was Eleanor Clarke Slagle? | Known as the mother of OT; developed the area of habit training & organized the 1st professional school for OT practitioners. |
| Who was Susan Tracy? | A nurse involved in the Arts & Crafts Movement & in the training of nurses in the use of occupations; she believed only nurses were qualified to practice occupations. |
| Who was Susan Cox Johnson? | She sought to demonstrate that occupation could be morally uplifting, that it could improve the mental & physical state of patients & inmates in public hospitals & almshouses, and that these individuals could contribute to their self-support. |
| Who was Thomas Kidner? | He was a Canadian architect who was influential in establishing a presence for OT in vocational rehabilitation & TB treatment. |
| What's the National Society for the Promotion of OT? | Formed on March 15, 1917; marked the birth of the profession of OT. Barton, Dunton, Slagle, Johnson, Kidner, & Newton created the organization. |
| Who was Adolf Meyer? | A Swiss physician committed to a holistic perspective; developed the psychobiological approach to mental illness. Believed in purposeful activity to promote health. |
| Holistic | An approach that deems that each individual should be seen as a complete & unified whole rather than a series of parts or problems to be managed. |
| World War I influenced OT how? | Reconstruction aides & programs were created during the war & helped to influence the OT profession. |
| Reconstruction aides | Civilians who helped rehabilitate soldiers who had been injured in the war so that they could either return to active military duty or be employed in a civilian job. Reconstruction program began on a trial basis at Walter Reed in 1918. |
| What was the Soldier's Rehabilitation Act (Smith-Sears Veterans Rehab Act of 1918)? | Act that established a program of vocational rehabilitation for soldiers disabled on active duty (act established after WWI). OT's focused on helping soldiers to return to productive living. |
| What was the Civilian Vocational Rehabilitation Act (Smith-Fess Act of 1920)? | Act provided fed. funds to states on a 50/50 matching basis to provide vocational rehab services to civilians w/physical disabilities; applicants had to be unable, bc of their disability, to engage successfully in gainful employment. |
| What is AOTA? | American Occupational Therapy Association formerly known as the National Society for the Promotion of OT - name changed in 1921. |
| Reductionistic | An approach to understanding where the problem is broken into parts, & the parts are viewed & managed separately. Reductionistic views threatened the occupation & holistic perspective. |
| Deinstitutionalization | Transfer of a community setting of patients who have been hospitalized for an extended period of time, usually years. The Disinstitutionalization Plan came about after the discovery of neuroleptic drugs (tranquilizers & antipsychotics) in the 1950s. |
| What was the Rehabilitation Movement? | The period from 1942-1960 in which VA hospitals increased in size & # to handle the casualties of war & continued care of veterans. |
| What is Medicare? | Enacted in 1965; legislation that provides health care assistance for individuals 65+ or those who are permanently & totally disabled. In 1988, legislation allowed OT's the right to Medicare provider #s permitting reimbursement for OT services. |
| What's the Rehabilitation Act of 1973? | Act that guaranteed certain rights for people w/disabilities, emphasized the need for rehab research, & called for priority service for persons w/ the most severe disabilities (see page 20-21). |
| What's the Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975? | This act established the right of all kids to a free & appropriate education, regardless of handicapping condition (includes OT as a related service). Law requires a written IEP for each student. |
| What's the Handicapped Infants & Toddlers Act of 1986? | Amendment to the EAHCA of 1975; includes kids 3-5 yrs old & initiates new early intervention programs for kids from birth to 3 yrs of age. |
| What's the Technology Related Assistance for Individuals w/ Disabilities Act of 1988? | Addressed the availability of assistive technology devices & services to individuals w/ disabilities. |
| What is the Prospective Payment System (PPS)? | Prospective or predetermined rate of payment that the government would make for each inpatient stay by a Medicare beneficiary. The level of payment is set by descriptive categories according to DX, called diagnosis-related groupings, or DRGs. |
| Who was Dr. Gary Keilhofner? | He developed the Model of Human Occupation (MOHO) which is the most evidenced based model of practice in OT. |
| What is the Americans w/ Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA)? | Legislation that provides civil rights to all individuals w/ disabilities. Ex. Equal access & opportunity in employment, transportation, public accommodations, state & local gov't, & telecommunications for disabled persons. |
| What is the Individuals w/ Disabilities Education Act of 1991 (IDEA)? | Legislation that requires school districts to educate students w/ disabilities in the least restrictive environment (LRE). IDEA used to be the Education for All Handicapped Children Act. IDEA was amended in 1997 to become IDEA 97. |
| What's the Balanced Budget Act of 1997 (BBA)? | Legislation intended to reduce Medicare spending, create incentives for development of managed care plans, encourage enrollment in managed care plans, & limit fee-for-service payment & programs. |
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