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bacterial pharmacolo

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QuestionAnswer
chemotherapeutic agents include... antimicrobial drugs, antiparasitic drugs, antineoplastic drugs
antimicrobial drugs are subclassified into... antibacterial, antiviral, andtifungal
any chemical used in the treatment, relief, or prophylaxis of a disease chemotherapeutic drug
use of a drug to prevent imminent infection of a person at risk prophylaxis
refers to the range of microorganisms that an antimicrobial agent can kill or inhibit spectrum of activity
antimicrobials effective against a limited array of microbial types. targets a specific cell coponent found only in certain microbes, for example, a drug effective mainly against gram positive bacteria...are said to have this... narrow spectrum agent or activity
when antimicrobials are effective against a wide variety of microbial types. targets cell components common to most pathogens-for example, a drug effective against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria are said to have this... broad spectrum of activity
the antimicrobial activity of a drug can be generally characterized in these three ways: bactericidal vs bacteriostatic effect, may have a concentration dependent or time dependent killing effect, its spectrum of activity against different microbes
this type of antibiotic inhibit or stop the growth and reproduction of bacteria but do not kill them. But once you take the drug away they start growing again bacteriostatic agents. A bacteriostatic drug works with the immune system to remove microorganisms from the body. in general, most protein synthesis inhibintrs are bacteriostatic agents.
this type of antibiotic kills the bacteria by interfering with a process essential for life. the use of this type of drug is critical when the immune system is weak or depressed (for example, due to a disease or toxicity). bacteriocidal agents. they can have a concentration dependent or time dependent killing effect. in general, drugs that target the cell wall are bacteriocidal.
this type of bacterial agent is directly proportional to the amount of time that has passed by bactericidal agent.
antimicrobials are usually classified by this? what they target, or their mechanism of action
what are the five different targets for antibiotics 1. inhibition of cell wall synthesis 2. disruption of cell membrane function 3. inhibition of protein synthesis 4. inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis 5. action as antimetabolites
For antibiotics that affect the cell wall, their main target is this structure peptidoglycan (it is essential to the growth and survival of bacteria)
what is the largest and most widely prescribed antibiotic class that inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis?> beta lactams
name four classes of beta lactams penicillins, cephalosporins, monobactams, carbapenems
what is the major source of resistance to beta lactam antibiotics? beta lactamase
how do beta lactam antibiotics work? they bind to PBP. PBP is unable to crosslink peptidoglycan chains, bacteria are unable to synthesize a stable cell wall, weakened cell wall leads to lysis of bacteria from osmotic pressure
beta lactams are not effective against this class of bacteria methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)....because PBP is mutated
are beta lactams bactericidal or bacterostatic? bacterocidal
what are the types of penicillin? natural penicillin (penicillin G) penicicillinase resistant penicillin (nafcillin) extended spectrum penicillins: amoxicillin antipseudomonal penicillin (ticarcillin)
name the cephalosporins and their generations 1st gen: cephalexin 2nd gen: cefoxitin 3rd gen: ceftriaxone 4th gen: cefepinne
1st generation cephalosporins mainly active agains... gram positive cocci
give an example of a carbapenem imipenem
give an example of a monobactam azteoronam
give an example of two antibiotics that target the cell membrane polymyxin and daptomycin
give three classes and three examples of antibiotics that target protein synthesis tetracyclines (doxycyclin) macrolides (erythromycin) aminoglycosides (gentamycin)
name two drugs that inhibit nucleotide synthesis and how they work rifampin (inhibition of RNA polymerase) ciproflaxin (inhibition of DNA replicaiton)
generally speaking, which type of antibiotics are typically bacterostatic and what is the exception? protein synthesis inhibitors are generally bacteriostatic, and the exception is aminoglycosides (AG's) which are bactericidal.
when the immune system is weak or depressed, which type of antibiotic is favored? bactericidal
the lowest concentration of a drug that inhibits bacterial growth minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC)
beta lactam antibiotics are not effective against this type of bacteria because the PBP is mutated methicillin resistant staph aureus (MRSA)
Created by: aferdo01
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