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Chpt 7
Blood collection eq.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ACD - Acid citrate dextrose | An anticoagulation solution available in two formulation (solution A and solution B)for immunohemology tests such a DNA testing and human leukocytes antigen (HLA) phenotyping,whichy is used in paternity evalution and to determine transplant compatibility |
| Additive | A substance (other than the tube stopper or coating) such as an anticoagulant, antiglycolytic agent, separaator gel, preservative,or clot activator placed within a tube or collection container. An additive can be a liquid,powder or spray dried coating |
| Anticoagulant | A substance that prevents blood from clotting |
| Antiglycolytic agent | A substance that prevents glycolsis, the breakdown or metabolism of glucose (blood sugar) by blood cells, e.g., sodium fluoride |
| Antiseptic | A substance that inhibits the growth of bacteria and is used to clean the skin |
| Bevel | The point of a neddle that is cut on a slant for ease of skin entry |
| Butterfly needle | Another term for a winged infusion set |
| Clot activator | A substance that enhances the coagulation process |
| Disinfectant | Substance or solution used to remove or kill microorganisms on surfaces and instruments |
| EDTA-Ethylenediaminetetracetic acid | An anticoagulant that prevents coagulantion by binding or chelating calcium: it is used for hematogy studies because it preserves cell morphology and inhibits platelets clumping |
| ETS-Evacuated tube system | A closed system in which the patients blood flows directly into a collection tube through a needle inserted into a vein |
| Evacuated tube | Type of tube used in blood collection that has a premeasured vacuum and is color coded to denote the additive inside |
| Gauge | A number that relates to the diamenter of the lumen of a needle |
| Glycolysis | The breakdown or metabolism of glucose (blood sugar) by blood cells |
| Heparin | Anticoagulant that prevents clotting by inhibiting thrombin formation |
| Hub | The end of the needle that attaches to the blood collection devices, also the threaded end of a tube holder where the needle attaches |
| Hypodermic needle | The type of needle used with the syringe system |
| Lumen | The inner space of a blood vessel or tube |
| Multisample needle | A type of needle that allows multiple tubes to be collected with a single venipuncture |
| Order of draw | A special sequence in tube collection that is intented to minimized additive carryover or cross contamination problems |
| Potassuim oxalate | An anticoagulant commonly used with the antiglycolytic agent sodium fluoride |
| PSTs | Plasma separator tube |
| Shaft | The long cylinrical portion of a needle |
| Sharps container | A special puncture resistance, leakproof disposable container used to dispose of used needles, lancets and other sharp object |
| Silica | Glass particles used to enhance the coagulation process a clot activator |
| Sodium citrate | An anticoagulant that prevents clotting by binding calcium and is used for coagulation tests because it does the best job of preserving the coagulation factors |
| Sodium fluoride | An additive that prserves glucose and inhibits the growth of bacteria |
| SPS-Sodium polyanethol sulfonate | An anticoagulant used in blood culture collection that also reduces the action of a protein called complement which destroys bacteria slow sown phagocytosis (ingestion of bacteria by leukocytes) and reduces the activity of certain antibiotics |
| SSTs | Serum separator tubes |
| Thixotropic gel | An inert (nonreacting) syntheic gel substance is some ETS tubes (e.g SSTs,PSTs,and PPTs)that form a physical barrier between the cells and serum or plasma when the specimen is centrifuged |
| Winged infusion set | A 1/2- to 3/4- inch stainless steel neddle permanently connected to a 5- to 12- inch lenght of tubing with either a luer attachment for syringe use or a mulitsample luer adapter for use with the evacuated tube; also call a butterfly needle |
| Accession | The process of recording in the order received |
| Anchor | To secure firmly, as in holding a vein in place by pulling the skin taut with the thumb |
| Arm/wrist band | Two other names for an identificiation band or bracelet |
| ASAP | As soon as possible |
| Bar code | A series of blask stripes and white stripes spaces of varying widths that correspond to letters and numbers |
| Bedside manner | The behavior of a healthcare provider toward or as perceived by a patient |
| Concentric circle | Circles with a common center; starting from the cneter and moving outward in ever widening arcs |
| DNR/DNAR | Do not resuscitate - Do not attempt resuscitation |
| EMLA | A eutectic (easily melted) mixture of local anesthetics |
| Fasting | No food or drink except water for approximately 12 hours |
| Hospice | A type of care for paatients who are terminally ill |
| ID band/bracelet | Identification band/bracelet |
| ID card | Clinic issured patient identification for users |
| MR number | Medical record number used for patient ID |
| Needle phobia | Intense fear of needles |
| NPO | Nothing by mouth - from latin: nulla per os |
| Palpate | Examine by feel or touch |
| Patency | State of being freely open, as in the normal condition of a vein |
| Patient ID | The process of verifying a patient's identity |
| Preop/postop | Before an operation or surgery (preopative) - after an operation or surgery (postoperative) |
| Reflux | The backflow of blood into a patient's vein from the collection tube during venipuncture |
| Requisition | The form on which tests orders are entered and sent to the laboratory |
| Stat | Immediately (from the latin word: statin, meaning "immediately |
| Needle sheath | needle cap or covers |
| Citrate | Alkaline phosphatase, calcium, phosphorus |
| EDTA | Alkaline phosphatase, calcium, creatine kinase, partial thromboplastin, potassium, protime, serulm iron, sodium |
| Hepaarin (all fromulations) | Activated clotting time, acid phosphatase, calcium (some test mothods),partial thromboplastin, protime, sodium (sodium formulations), lithium (lithium formulations) |
| Oxalates | Acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, amylase, calcium, lactate dehydrogenase, partial thromboplastin, potassium, protime, red cell morphology |
| Silica (clot activator) | Partial thromboplastin time, protime |
| Sodium fluoride | Sodium, urea nitrogen |
| Order of draw | Yellow-Steril tube (blood culture) Blue top coagulation tube Red-Serum tube w/w/o clot activator w/wo gel Herparin tube w/wo gel pasma separator 5. EDTA tube 6. Glycolytic inhibitor tube |
| Which blood specimen additive can inhibit the metabolism of glucose by the cells | NsF |
| Which of the following items is unnecessary when performing a routine venipuncture | skin disinfectant - should be skin antiseptic |
| A serum specimen is requested. which of the following evacuated tubes can be used to collect it | SST |
| Which of the following are all anticoagulants that remove calcium from the specimen by forming insoluble calcium salts and therefore preventing coagulation | Sodium citrate, EDTA, oxalate |
| In a sucessful venipuncture, evacuaated tubes fill automatically as soon as the tube stopper is pierced because of | premeasured vacuum in each tube |
| Lavendar stopper tubes are most commonly used to collect | hematology test |
| Which of the following is one resone the ETS is the preferred blood collection system | exposure of the blood to contaminants is avoided |
| lithium heparin is a suitable anticoagulant for which of the following tests | lytes |
| which one of the following addives can be found ina royal blue topped collection tube | EDTA |
| Measurement of copper, a trace element, requires blood collection in a tube with a | royal blue top |
| The blood to additive rataio is most critical for specimen collected in the tube | Light blue top |
| If phlebotomists have dermatitis, they should | wear a barrier hand cream or lotion |
| Decontamination of the hands after glove removal is essential because | hand contamination might not be visible to the naked eye |
| Which of the following is a disinfectant | household bleach |
| Which disinfectant is preferred by the HICPAC for use on surfaces and instruments | EPA registered sodium hypochlorite product |
| After a blood spill, a disinfectant is applied and musch at least _____ minutes of contact time for cleanup to be effective | 10 minutes |
| If hands are heavily contaminated with organic material and a sink is not available, the phlebotomist should clean them with | detergent containing wipes followed by a sanitizer |
| The purpose of a transillumination device is to | locate veins for venipuncture |
| Which statemnet is incorrect. A properly applied tourniquet should | restrict venous and arterial blood |
| this needle gauge is used primarily for infant or child veins, and difficult or hard veins of adults | 23 |
| Needle safety features work by | covering or shielding the needle, retracting the needle after use, using a devicThe e to blunt the needle |
| OSHA regulations require that after use | tube holders with needles attached be disposed of as a unit |
| The head space in an evacuated tube is | a consistent amount of airspace left when a tube is filled properly |
| Tubes designed by the manufacturer to be short draw are | made to fill only partially |
| Types of ETS tube additives include | anticoagulatants, clot activators, separator gel |
| Plastic red top tubes used to collect blood specimens usually contain | clot activators |
| Improper handling or storage of evacuated tubes can affect | additive integrity, the shape of the tube, the vacuum of a tube |
| Which test can be affected by cross contamination from a light blue top tube | calcium |
| Whcih of the folowing rsts could be affected by carryove from an EDTA tube | creatine kinase |
| Which of the following additives is least likely to affect an alkaline phosphatase test | heparin |
| Carryover of this additive is unlikely to affect a partial thrombolplastin time | NaF |
| This antiseptic has been traditionally used to obtain the high degree of skinn antisepsis required when blood coltures are being collected | povidone iodine |
| Which of the following is the preferred solution to used to clean up blood spill | An EPA approved bleach product |
| Antispetics are | safe for use on human skin |
| A solution used to clean the site before routine venipuncture is | 70% isopropyl alcohol |
| Why are gauze pads a better choice than cotton balls for covering the site and holding pressure following venipuncture | cotton ball fibers can stick to the site |
| CLSI standards advise against using these on infants and children under 2 years old | Adhesive bandaages |
| Which of the following should be deleted from a list of required characteristic of a sharps cantiner | red in color |
| It is best if touniquets are | used once and then discarded |
| Wearing gloves during phlebotomy procedures is mandataed by the following agency | OSHA |
| What criterion is used to decide which needle gauge to use for venipuncture | size and condition of the vein |
| To what does the gauge of a needle relate | diameter |
| Which needle gauge has the largest bore or lumen | 18 |
| Multisample neddles are typically available in these gauges | 20-22 |
| The slanted tip of a needle is called the | bevel |
| The purpose of the rubber sleeve that covers the tube end of a multiple sample needle is to | prevent leakage of blood during tube changes |
| A phlebotomist needle that does not have a safety feature | must be used with a holder that has a safety feature |
| Which of the following plays no role in deciding what size tubes to use for ETS blood collection | patient's allergy to antiseptics |
| Mixing additive tubes properly involves | turning the wrist 180 degrees and back |
| Which of the following stopper colors identifies a tube used or coagulation testing | light blue |
| Which of the following tubes will yield a serum sample | red top |
| The cleaning agent in hand sanitizers used in healthcare is | alcohol based |
| Which of the following tube stopper colors indicates something other than the presence or absence and type of additive in the tube | royal blue |
| Heparin prevents blood from clotting by | inhibiting thrombin |
| Which department would most likely perform the test on a specimen collected in an SPS tube | microbilogy |
| A tube with a royal blue top with lavendar color coding on the label contains | EDTA |
| Which one of the following substances is an anticoagulant | oxalate |
| It is important to fill oxalate tubes to the stated fill capacity because excess oxalate | causes hemolysis of blood specimen |
| Which of the following substances is contained in a serum separator tube | thixotropic gel |
| What is the purpose of an antiglycolytic agent | it preserves glucose |
| Glass particles present in serum separator tubes | activate clotting |
| Which is the best tube for collecting an ETOH ethanol specimen | gray top |
| Identify the tubes needed to collect a CBC,PTT and STAT potassium by color and in the proper order of collection for a multitube draw | light blue top, green top, lavendar top |
| During venipuncture the tourniquet should not be left on longer than | 1 minute |
| Which one of the following tubes is filled first when multiple tubes are filled from a syringe | blood culture tube |
| This test collected in a tube with a light blue top | prothrombin time |
| Which of the following STAT tests is typically collected in a lithium heparin tube | electrolyte panel |
| This tube stopper color indicates that the tube contains EDTA | lavendar |
| What anticoagulant is contained in a plasma separtor tube PST | heparin |
| The purpose of sodium citrate in specimen collection is to | protect coagulation factors |
| The part of a syringe that shows measurments in cc or mL is called the | barrel |
| This part of the evacuaated tube holder is meant to aid smooth tube removal | flange |
| The best choice of equipment for drawing difficult veins is a | butterfly and ETS holder |
| Mixing equipment from different manufacturers can result in | improper fit of the needle |
| You are most likely to increase the chance of hemolyzing a specimen if you use a | 25 gauge butterfly needle to collect a specimen from a small child |
| The purpose of a tourniquet in the venipuncture procedure is to | enlarge veins so they are easier to find and enter |
| If a blood pressure cuff is used for venipucture in place of a tourniquet, the pressure used must be | below the patient's distolic pressure |
| In general an anticoagulant is unable to | inhibit the medabloism of glucose |
| Needle safety devices must | create a barrier between a user's hand and the needle after use |
| This gel separator utbe contains EDTA | PPT - plasma preparation tube |
| Which additive contains a substance that inhibits phagoxytosis of bacteria by white blood cells | Sodium polyanethl sulfonate |
| Which type of test is most affected by tissue thromboplastin contamination | coagulation |
| Which of the following tests would be most affected by carryover of K2EDTA | potassium |
| What is the fewest number of tubes needed to collect a CBC and protime when using a butterfly on a patient who is a difficult draw | three |
| A trace element specimen tube should be collected | separately or by syringe |
| A pink top tube containing EDTA is primarily used for | blood bank test |
| Identify the tubes needed to collect a PT,STAT,lytes, and BC in the proper order of collection | yellow, light blue, PST |
| Which one of the following tubes is additive free | red glass |
| A tube with this stopper color could contain either of tuw different forms of an anticoagulant salt | green |
| Which additive can be found in four separate tubes with different colors | EDTA |
| Which stopper color is the same for two completely different types of additives used by two different | yellow |
| How many tubes with different colored stoppers can sometimes go to the chemistry department | 12 |
| which of the following additives is most commonly used for chemistry tests | heparin |
| An ETS holder and a syringe transfer device look very similar. What is the difference between the two | there is a permanently attached needle with a sleeve inside the transfer device |
| PT and platelet ct. are ordered on an 80yr female pt. Deciding to use butterfly and short draw evacuated tubes on a tiny cephalic vein on the side of her R arm, the phlebotomist collects one lt blue and then lav. Why would u suspect that the PT test reult | no tube was drawn to remove air in the butterfly tubing |
| While collecting a stat blood culture & electrolytes on a child in the ER room, the phlebot. was asked by the phy. to get and extra tube of blood to check for metal poisoning. Which one of the tubes would the phleb. add to the ones already being collecte | royal blue |
| Which one of the following tubes/additives is sometimes used tdo collect DNA tests | yellow/ACD |
| Electrolytes should never be collected in a | gray top tube |
Created by:
mmfleischer