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define mesopotamia & give an example
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define cultural hearth & give example in the middle east
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Geo final 2013 M.E.
middle east
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| define mesopotamia & give an example | "B/w the rivers" 2 rivers flow together. ex= Tigris & Euphrates river |
| define cultural hearth & give example in the middle east | a region where a specific culture, language, religion orginated, many where centered around rivers, like the indus riv in pakistan) orgin of the countries culture. example: Tigris & Euphrates river |
| how does the geo of the middle east impact the lives of its people? | large distribution of oil, people in Iran have many resources but doesnt allow much farming, conflict in israel bc of the limited space and lack of water |
| define OPEC | organization of petrolium(oil) exporting countries. regulates production in an effort to manage prices==supply & demand |
| what is Israel gov't and economy? | gov't= democracy economy= market economy like the US, |
| what is Iraq's economy & gov't? | economy= mixed economy & 75% of GDP is from oil Gov't= 'democracy' like a puppet gov't |
| what is Saudi Arabia government and economy? | monarchy (authoritarian) ecnomy= command economy like china! authoritarian=command gov't controls erything |
| what is Irans gov't and economy? | Govt= theocracy (authoritiarian) economy= command |
| which country in the middle east controls the whole coast line of the persian gulf? why might that be a good thing for that country? | Iran and its very powerful for trade and control access b/w iraq |
| (supply & demand) if OPEC produces more oil.. what will happen? | the price is going to be low |
| (supply & demand) if OPEC doesnt produce as much oil.. what will happen? | the price of oil is going to go up. |
| why is oil significant to the economies of middle eastern contries? | improves there economies by exporting oil to other countries=$$ |
| OPEC is a ____ that regulates production in an effort to manage prices. regulate production and set prices. | cartel |
| what is the middle easts two most important natural resources? | oil and nat. gas |
| define chokepoint | strategic passage or canal which could be closed or blocked to stop sea traffic. |
| founder of Judiasm? | Abraham |
| founder of christianity ? | Jesus |
| founder of islam? | Muhammad |
| major beliefs of judiasm? | covenant - agreement |
| major belief in christianity? | trinity |
| major belief in Islam? | 5 pillars- Ramadan(fasting), praying 5 times a day, pilgrimage to mecca, charity, testimony of faith |
| place of woreship for judiasm? | synagogue |
| place of woreship for muslims? | Mecca/ mosque |
| major division for islam? | sunni vs shia |
| holy book for judiasm? | Torah..old testament |
| holy book for islam? | Qur'an |
| religious leader for judiasm? | Rabbi |
| religious leader for christianity ? | priests/ pastors |
| religious leader for islam? | Imam |
| what are the underlying causes of the Israel-palestine conflict? (3) | lack of access to water the status of jerusalem jewish settlements in the occupied territories |
| define diaspora | movement of spreading out, after violence/ war over religious styles |
| define zionism | the movement that called for jews to set up their own country or homeland in Israel. (form of nationalism supporting jewish nation) |
| why would the jews want there own homeland/country? | so they can defend themselves in there own land! |
| what are Israelis and palestinians fighting over ? | land, (as in like who does israel belong to?0--> bc of religion, resources( scarcity of water) |
| what causes the iranian revolution in 1979? | Americans trying to help them westernize modernization Vs traditionalism SAVAK secret police- took away freedom |
| what changed after the iranian revolution? | there government! changed into theocracy= country is governed by religious law |
| what does Irans public face tell you? (gov't, who rules iran, degree of freedom, weapons?) | they are a democracy, they have a president(ahmadinejad), they are a free society share equality, & that Iran doesnt have nuclear weapons |
| what does Iran private face tell you? (gov't, who rules iran, degree of freedom, weapons?) | theocracy-rigged elections, supreme leader/dictator, repressive society-press is controlled by gov't, evidence that iran is producing fuel for nucs. |
| define sanction | when you restrict something , basically like a boycott, going againest whats right |
| Iraq: what happens in pre Saddam ? | ottoman empire rules & turkification european influence& wanted them to modernize & messes everything up |
| Saddam does ___. & means? | purge.. execution of many innocent lives..his own people |
| Saddam | started party purges, authoritarian, censored his country |
| how does Iraq geography affect there people? | want/ need access to water to be able to trade/make money, but they lack that bc the only get a small little part of the persian gulf..while iran gets the most access to it. they broke and neeed $$ |
| which war lasted 96 hrs long? & significance about it? | persian gulf war bc they need money & want the oil from kuwait |
| what is significant about the Kurds ? | ethnic group wanted there own land and obvi saddam being the dictator said no and killed them hence party purges. |
| orographic effect | pic goes water, city, mts. US example seattle |
| define Arab spring | middle east movement where there are people protesting for individual freedoms, economic reform, & overall a better QOL |
| what is significant about egypt & saudi arabia location? | geopolitical power bc of the Sinai peninsula. good for trading- suez canal= chokepoint |
| who colonized Egypt? | British- controlled by the ottoman empire wanted them the turkify. |
| egyptian patterns in gov't? | with every president they have they hoped for a democracy but ended up with authoritarian govv't. |
| what is significant about President Mubarek? (egypt) | authoritarian, 6 assassentation attemps, if you critize the gov't= 5 yrs in prison get arrested, his elections led to media crackdown. arab spring protesters began. |
| Egypt patterns after failed gov't over aand over again. | authoritian gov't, when the pres steps down they think they will get a new democratic leader. |
| Syria: there geography & good percentage of airable land is good for what? | 24% arable land good for farming, part of the fertile crescent |
| who colozied Syria? & what type of Gov't do they have? | French & authoritarian |
| Syria: 1963 revolution consists of what? | ba'ath party--> general Hafez Al Assad part of. |
| define anti-zionist and who was this ? | syria: being againest the movement of jews to set up there own country/home land in Israel bc they're jews and are hated by many people in the M.E. |
| 3 examples why syria was anti-zionist | Syria/Basan Al Assad invaded idrael. lost the golan heights supports Hamas & hezbollah |
| what is significant about the red sea? | main shipping routes between Europe, the Persian Gulf and East Asia. & cannot be used for drinking or irrigation. |
| where is the persian gulf located in the mid. east | lies b/w iran and suadi arabia.. iraq gets a little bit of coastline but not enough |
| what is significant about the persain gulf? | world's largest single source of crude oil, and related industries. |
| where is the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers located? which country? | 2 large rivs. in Iraq.. that is used as a source for much of the areas water needs. |
| name a cultural health example in the middle east where relgion and ect began. | Tigris and Euphrates Rivers |
| which body of land/ landform/ region is considered a geopolitical power bc of its huge reserves of oil & natural gas? | Arabian Peninsula |
| chokepoint example in the middle east? & how/why? | suez canel bc Because of its narrow width, it is considered a chokepoint because it can easily be blocked to interrupt this flow of trade. |
| 75% GPD from oil | iran & iraq |
| Taliban | A fundamentalist Muslim movement whose militia took control of much of Afghanistan |
| define arid & what is significant about arid climate? | very dry or desert like. M.E. does not have enough water to support animal life or agriculture. |
| define semi-arid & give 2 country examples? | Areas of low annual rainfall and having sparse plant life with short coarse grasses. Syria & northern Iraq |
| what are the middle east abundunce & scarcity resources & what doo they mean? | Abundance- they have alot of that resource=Oil Scarcity- very limited to that resource do not have alot of=water |
| what are palestine struggles/ limitations? | they dont control their own borders, airspace or trade, seperate & competing gov't in Gaaza & the west bank, & no army/police |
| what is the threat to peace between israel & palestine ? | terrorism/ terrorist attacts |
| define theocracy & a country example? | gov't is runned by a religious leader, religion take over & Iran |
| name of an Islam follower & what do they believe in? list them | A follower of Islam is called a Muslim. Muslims believe in the Five Pillars. 1. faith 2. fasting(ramadam) 3. charity 4. pilgrimage to mecca 5. praying 5 times a day |
| define Sunni & __% of muslims are Sunni | Muslims who believe that religious leaders (Imams) are chosen. 90% |
| define shite(shia) & where might they be found? __% of muslims? | Muslims who believe that religious leaders (Imams) descended from the prophet, Mohammed. They believe that only Imams can interpret the Quran (Koran.) Iran, Iraq, & Lebanon. 10% muslims |
| define monarchy & what is a country example | gov't ruled by a single person (king) like saudi arabia |
| define geopolitcal power | the combo of geographic & political factors that influence or define a country or region |
| how is most of the middle east have such geopolitical power? | richness of natural resources |
| who was the first country to use modern chemical warfare in 1984 war with another country? | Iraq to Iran |
| give an example of a civil unrest? (conflict caused by people causing riots & sabotage) | arab spring, over many middle eastern countries as citizens protested governmeents |
| define secular | something that is not related to religion |
| what does secularism in islam mean? | favoring a modern nonspiritual democracy with seperation of mosque & state, as oppossed to islam as a political movement. |
| what do oil tankers risk at chokepoints? | heavy traffic, piracy, & any distrupution can lead to instability in oil prices. |
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