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Chapter 3&4 vocabula
Chapter 3&4 vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Culture | The way of life that distinguishes a people, for example, government, language, religion, customs, and beliefs |
| Population density | The average number of people living in a given area. |
| Birthrate | The number of live births each year per 1000 people |
| Immigrant | A person who moves into a country |
| Emigrant | A person who leaves a country to live elsewhere |
| Urbanization | The growth of city population |
| Rural | Of, or characteristics of the, country side |
| Culture hearth | A place in which important ideas begin and thereafter spread to surrounding cultures. |
| Cultural convergence | The contact and interaction of one culture with another |
| Diffusion | The process by which a cultural element is transmitted from one group or individual to another |
| Cultural divergence | The restriction of a culture from outside influences |
| Sovereignty | A country's freedom and power to decide on policies and actions |
| Unitary System | A system of government in which one central, government holds most of the political power |
| Federation | A government structure in which some powers are given to the national government and other powers are reserved for more local governments |
| Confederation | A system of government in which individual political units keep their sovereignty but give limited power to a central government |
| Authoritarian | Descriptive of a system of government in which the leaders hold all the political power |
| Dictaorship | A system of government in which absolute power is held by a small group or one person |
| Totalitarianism | A system of government in which is central authority controls all aspects of society |
| Monarchy | A system of authoritarian government headed by a monarch-a king, queen, shah,or sultan- whose position is usually inherited |
| Democracy | A system of government in which the people are invested with the power to chose their leaders and determine government policys |
| Traditional economy | An economic system in which families produce goods and services for their own use, with little surplus and exchange of goods; also known as subsistence economy |
| Market economy | An economic system in which decision about production, price, and other economic factors are determined by the law of supply and demand |
| Command economy | An economic system that is controlled by a single central government |
| Natural Resource | A material in the natural environment that people value and use to satisfy their needs. |
| Renewable Resource | A natural resource that the environment continues to supply or replace as it is used |
| Fossil Fuel | Any one of several nonrenewable mineral resources formed from the remains of ancient plants and animals and used for fuel |
| Nuclear energy | A type of energy produced by fission the splitting of uranium atoms in a nuclear reactor releasing stored energy |
| Water power | Energy produced from falling water to move machinery or generate electricity |
| Geothermal energy | Energy produced from the earths intense interior heat |
| Solar energy | Energy produced by the sun |
| Primary economic activity | An economic activity that takes or uses natural resources directly, such as fishing,or mining |
| Subsistence farming | Farming that provides only enough for the needs of a family of a village |
| Commercial farming | The raising of crops and livestock for sale in markets |
| Secondary economic activity | An economic activity in which people use raw materials to produce or manufacture new products of greater value |
| Cottage industry | A small-scale manufacturing operation using little technology, often located in or near people's home |
| commercial industry | A large-scale manufacturing operation that employs many people and produces large quantities of goods |
| Tertiary economic actitivy | An economic activity in which people do not directly gather or process raw materials but purse activities that serve others; service industry |
| Quaternary economic activity | An economic activity that focuses on the acquisition, processing, and sharing of information such as education or research |
| Export | An item that is sent out of the country for sale |
| Import | An item that is brought into the country for sale |
Created by:
madisonhudson
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