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Chapter 3&4 Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Culture | The way of life that distinguishes a people, for example, government, language, religion, customs, and beliefs. |
| Population Density | the average number of people living in a given area. |
| Birthrate | the number of live births each year per 1000 people. |
| Immigrant | a person who moves into a country. |
| Emigrant | a person who leaves a country to go elsewhere. |
| Urbanization | the growth of city populations. |
| Rural | of, or characteristics of,the countryside. |
| Cultural Hearth | A place in which important ideas begin and thereafter spread to surrounding cultures. |
| Cultural Convergnece | the contact and interaction of one culture with another. |
| Diffusion | the process by which a cultual element is transmitted form one group or individual to another. |
| Cultural Divergence | the restriction of a culture from outside influences. |
| Sovereignty | a countries freedom and power to decide on policies and acions |
| unitary system | a system of government in which one central government holds most of the political power. |
| federation | a government structure in which some powers are given to the national government and other powers are reserved for more local governments. |
| confederation | a system of government in which individual political units keep their sovereignty but give limited power to a central government. |
| authoritarian | descriptive of a system of government in which the leaders hold all political power |
| dictatorship | a system of government in which absolute power is held by a small group or one person. |
| totaliarianism | a system of government in which a central authority controls all aspects of society. |
| monarchy | a system of authoritarian government headed by a monarch- a king queen shah or sultan- whose position is usually inherited. |
| democracy | a system of government in which the people are invested with the power to choose their leaders and determine government policy. |
| traditional economy | an economic system in which families produce goods and services for their own use. |
| market economy | an economic system in which decisions about production price and other economic factors are determined by the law of supply and demand |
| command economy | an economic system that is controlled by a single central government. |
| Natural Resource | A material in the natural environment that people value and sue to satisfy their needs |
| Renewable Resource | A natural resource that the environment continues to supply or replace as it is used. |
| Nonrenewable Resource | A natural resource that cannot be replaced once it is used. |
| Fossil Fuel | any one of several nonrenewable mineral resources formed from the remains of ancient plants and animals and used for fuel. |
| Nuclear Energy | A type of energy produced by fission- the splitting of uranium atoms in a nuclear reactor, releasing stored energy. |
| Water Power | Energy produced form falling water to move machinery or generate electricity. |
| Geothermal Energy | Energy produced from the earths intense interior. |
| Solar Energy | Energy produced by the sun. |
| Primary Economic Activity | an economic activiyy that takes or uses natural ressources directly, such as fishing or mining. |
| Subsistence Farming | farming that provides only enough for the needs of a family or a village. |
| Commercial Farming | the raising of crops and livestock for sale in markets. |
| Secondary Economic Activity | an economic activity in which people use raw materilas to produce or maufacture new products of greater value. |
| Cottage Industry | a small scale manufacturing operation using little technology often located in or near peoples homes |
| Commercial Industry | a large sscale manufacturing operation that employs many people and produces large quantities of goods. |
| tertiary Economic Activity | an economic activity in whic people do not directly gather or process raw materials but pursue activities that surve others; service industry |
| Quaternary Economic Activity | an economic activity that focuses on the acquisition, processing, and sharing of information, such as education or research. |
| Export | an item that is sent out of the country for sale. |
| Import | an item that is brought into a country. |
Created by:
KierstenKay
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