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agricultural revolution
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civilization
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ch. 21-23 vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| agricultural revolution | The change from nomadic hunting and gathering to farming that took place about 8000 B.C. |
| civilization | An advanced culture |
| monotheism | The belief in one God |
| protectorate | An area that has its own government but is controlled by an outside power |
| chaparral | A type of natural vegetation that is adapted to Mediterranean climates; small evergreen trees and low bushes, or scrub |
| poaching | Illegal hunting |
| mosque | An Islamic place of religious worship |
| muezzin | In Islam, a crier who calls the faithful to prayer five times each day from a minaret |
| minaret | A tall, slender tower attached to a mosque |
| desalination plant | A plant that removes salt from seawater so that it can be used for drinking and irrigation |
| nomad | A person who travels from place to place |
| trade deficit | The situation in which a country imports more than it exports |
| trade surplus | The situation in which a country exports more than it imports |
| autonomy | Independence |
| genocide | The systematic killing or intentional destruction of a people |
| nationalism | Pride in one's nation; the desire of a nation to rule themselves as a separate nation |
| chernozem | A rich topsoil found in Russian steppes and other mid-latitude grasslands |
| yurt | A round tent made of a wooden framework and covered with felt or skins |
| fundamentalism | A set of religious beliefs based on a strict interpretation |
| desertification | The transformation of arable land into desert either naturally or through human intervention |
| mandate | A commission from the League of Nations authorizing a nation to govern a territory |
| Zionist | A member of a movement known as Zionism founded to promote the establishment of an independent Jewish state |
| self-determination | The right of a people to decide their own political future |
| drip irrigation | A process by which precisely controlled amounts of water drip directly onto plants from pipes, thus preserving precious water resources in dry areas |
| potash | A mineral used in explosives and fertilizer |
| Fertile Crescent | A region in the Middle East where farming and the first civilizations developed |
| militia | A citizen army |
| anarchy | Political disorder and violence; lawlessness |
| embargo | A severe restriction of trade with other countries |
| infrastructure | The basic support facilities of a community or country, such as roads and bridges, power plants, and schools |
| falaj system | In the Arabian Peninsula, an ancient system of underground and surface canals |
| secular | Worldly, not relating to religion |
| shah | The title of the former ruler of Iran |
| ayatollah | A religious leader among Shiite Muslims |
Created by:
daviddunham
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