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World Geography
Chapters 21-23 Vocabulary
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Agricultural Revolution | The change from nomadic hunting and gathering to farming that took place in about 8000 B.C. |
Civilization | An advanced culture. |
Monotheism | The belief in one God. |
Protecorate | An area that has its own government, but is controlled by an outside power. |
Chaparral | A type of natural vegetation that is adapted to Mediterranean climates; small evergreen trees and low bushes, or scrub. |
Poaching | Illegal hunting. |
Mosque | An Islamic place of religious worship. |
Muezzin | In Islam, a crier who calls the faithful to prayer five times each day from a minaret. |
Minaret | A tall, slender tower attached to a mosque. |
Desalination Plant | The process of removing salt from seawater so that it can be used for drinking and irrigation. |
Nomad | A person who travels from place to place. |
Trade Deficit | The situation in which a country imports more than it exports. |
Trade Surplus | The situation in which a country exports more than it imports. |
Autonomy | Independence |
Genocide | The systematic killing or intentional destruction of the people. |
Nationalism | Pride in one's nation; the desire of a cultural group to rule themselves as a separate nation. |
Chernozem | A rich topsoil found in the Russian steppes and other mid-latitude grasslands. |
Fundamentalism | A set of religious beliefs based on a strict interpretation of a sacred text. |
Yurt | A round tent made of a wooden framework and covered with felt or skins. |
Desertification | The transformation of arable land into desert either naturally or through human intervention. |
Mandate | A commission from the League of Nations authorizing a nation to govern a territory. |
Zionist | A member of a movement known as Zionism, founded to promote the establishment of an independent Jewish state. |
Self-Determination | The right of a person to decide their own political future. |
Drip Irrigation | A process by which precisely controlled amounts of water drip directly onto plants from pipes, thus preserving precious water resources in dry areas. |
Potash | A mineral used in explosives and fertilizer. |
Fertile Crescent | A region in the Middle East where farming and the first civilizations developed. |
Militia | A citizen army. |
Anarchy | Political disorder and violence; lawlessness. |
Embargo | A severe restriction of trade with other countries. |
Infrastructure | The basic support facilities of a community or country, such as roads and bridges, power plants, and schools. |
Falaj System | In the Arabian Peninsula, an ancient system of underground and surface canals. |
Secular | Wordly, not relating to religion. |
Shah | The title of a former ruler of Iran. |
Ayatollah | A religious leader among the Shiite Muslims. |