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Ch. 21, 22, 23 Vocab
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Agricultural revolution. | The change from nomadic hunting and gathering to farming that took place about 8000 B.C. |
Civilization. | An advanced culture. |
Monotheism. | The belief in one God. |
Protectorate. | An area that has its own government but is controlled by an outside power. |
Chaparral. | A type of natural vegetation that is adapted to Mediterranean climates; small evergreen trees and low bushes, or scrub. |
Poaching. | Illegal hunting. |
Mosque. | An Islamic place of religious worship. |
Muezzin. | In Islam, a crier who calls the faithful to prayer five times each day from a minaret. |
Minaret. | A tall slender tower attached to a mosque. |
Desalination plant. | The place where salt is removed from seawater so that it later can be used for drinking and irrigation. |
Nomad. | A person who travels from place to place. |
Trade deficit. | The situation in which a country imports more than it exports. |
Trade surplus. | The situation in which a country exports more than it imports. |
Autonomy. | Independence. |
Genocide. | The systematic killing or intentional destruction of a people. |
Nationalism. | Pride in one's nation; the desire of a cultural group to rule themselves as a separate nation. |
Chernozem. | A rich topsoil found in the Russian steppes and other mid-latitude grasslands. |
Fundamentalism. | A set of religious beliefs based on a strict interpretation of a sacred text. |
Yurt. | A round tent made of a wooden framework and covered with felt or skins. |
Desertification. | The transformation of arable land into desert either naturally or through human intervention. |
Mandate. | A commission from the League of Nations authorizing a nation to govern a territory. |
Zionist. | A member of the movement known as Zionism, founded to promote the establishment of an independent Jewish state. |
Self-determination. | The right of a people to decide their own political future. |
Drip irrigation. | A process by which precisely controlled amounts of water drip directly onto plants from pipes, thus preserving precious water resources in dry areas. |
Potash. | A mineral used in explosives and fertilizer. |
Fertile Crescent. | A region in the Middle East where farming and the first civilizations developed. |
Militia. | A citizen army. |
Anarchy. | Political disorder and violence; lawlessness. |
Embargo. | A severe restriction of trade with other countries. |
Ifrastructure. | The basic support facilities of a community or country, such as roads and bridges, power plants, and schools. |
Falaj system. | In the Arabian Peninsula, an ancient system of underground and surface canals. |
Secular. | Worldly, not relating to religion. |
Shah. | The title of the former ruler of Iran. |
Ayatollah. | A religious leader among the Shiite Muslims. |