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Geography
Geography Final Exam
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Tectonic Plates | Large Moving Pieces of the Earth's crust |
| Ring of Fire | a zone of tectonic activity (volcanos, earthquakes) around the pacific Rim |
| Earthquake | Violent movement of the earth cause when tectonic plates grind or slip past each other |
| Tsunami | a giant wave usually caused by an undersea earthquake |
| Volcano | an opening, or rupture, in he planet's surface of crust, which allows hot magma, volcanic ash and gases to escape from hot spots below the earth's surface. |
| Convergent Boundary | Boundary where tectonic plates come together causing subduction zones and folding (Which can create mountain ranges) |
| Weathering | the chemical or physical process that breaks down rock |
| Erosion | the process in which the Earth's surface is worn down by the power of wind, water, or ice and the weathered material is carried away. |
| Silt | fine sand, clay or other material carried by running water and deposited. |
| Artic | the polar region located north of the Arctic circle (66 North Latitude) where for a time in the summer the sun never sets and in the winter it never rises. |
| Temperate Zone | is the zone around the equator (between the Tropic of Cancer and Capricorn) which receives the most direct rays of sunlight. |
| Mid Latitude | Anyone of the climate zones in the Mid latitude with a mild climate. |
| High Latitude | A place that is extreme north or south, near the poles |
| Low Latitude | A place that is in the middle of the Northern or Southern hemisphere, between the tropics and the artic. |
| Equinox | A place that is in the center of the geographic grid near the equator. |
| Monsoon | the transfer of heat in the atmosphere, this circulation causes winds that help distribute the sun's heat across the globe. |
| Tropics | a current of warm water from the tropics that creates mild conditions in Europe. |
| Prevailing Winds | global wind that blow in fairly constant patterns |
| North Atlantic Draft | Seasonal Winds in the tropics that can cause either wet or dry conditions. |
| Convection | A reversal of the ocean currents and water temperatures off the coast of South America that naturally every 3-7 years for reasons that are not fully understood. Fish stocks are greatly reduced as a result. |
| a dry area with little precipitation and sparse vegetation and sparse vegetation | |
| Semiarid | Longest and shortest days of the year (occurs in the winter and summer) June and December 21st twice a year |
| El Nino | the days and nights all over the world are equal in length. The equinox mark the beginning of spring and autumn. September and March 21st |
| Biome | A regional ecosystem that contains plants an animals that are specially adapted to the regional climate. |
| Savannah | A flat, treeless arctic region in which only mosses and lichen adapted to the cold dry weather can survive. |
| Tundra | Permanently frozen subsoil |
| Permafrost | refers to a coniferous forest found in cold climates, for example the Taiga in Russia |
| Steppe | Broadleaf trees that lose their leaves |
| Rainforest | a tropical grassland that can support large herds of animals, found in Tropical Wet/Dry Climate. |
| Deciduous | Scrub vegetation (short trees and shrubs) growing in Mediterranean climate zones that is drought resistant |
| Boreal Forest | a forest with an abundance of rainfall year round resulting in a great quantity/ variety of plat life. |
| Canal | an artificial waterway constructed to allow the passage of ships. |
| Polder | a section of a waterway with closed gates where water levels are raised and lowered , through which ships can pass. |
| Drip Irrigation | to supply land with water by artificial means, as by diverting streams, flooding , or spraying. |
| Terraced Farming | an ancient technique for growing crops on a mountain side |
| Domestic | to adapt plants and animals from the wild to make them useful for People |
| conservation | the protection or carefully planned use of a resource, for example the protection of an endangered species or planned usage of fossil fuels. |
| Suitable Development | technological and economic growth that does not deplete the resources of an area |
| Drip Irrigation | the practice of using small pipes that slowly drip just above the ground to conserve water. |
| Desalinization | the removal salt from ocean water |
| Desertification | the creation of desert like conditions, usually caused by a combination of overgrazing, soil erosion, drought, and climate change. |
| Cyclone | a tropical storm with fierce winds and heavy rains that forms in the Indian Ocean |
| Typhoon | a tropical storm with fierce winds and heave rains that forms in the Pacific Ocean |
| Storm surge | a high water level brought by a tropical storms that floods low lying area. |
| Runoff | rainfall that is not absorbed by the soil which can carry pesticides ad fertilizers from fields into rivers and the water supply. |
| Global warming | a build-up of Carbon Dioxides in the atmosphere, preventing heat from escaping into space and causing rising temperatures and shifting weather patterns. |
| Polder | Land that has been reclaimed from the sea |
| Dam | a barrier constructed typically along a river to hold back water, the resulting reservoir can be used as a water supply or to produce hydroelectric power. |
| Birth rate | the number of live births per 1000 people in the population |
| Death rate | the number of deaths per 1000 people in the population |
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