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planning-Levy
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GEO451 Midterm
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| planning-Levy | plan (v): effort to define systematically and think through problems to improve the quality of decision making |
| planning- randolph | planning is figuring out what needs to be done and how to do it. it is the process of applying knowledge to action or basic problem solving |
| planning-cullingworth | planning is a purposive process in which goals are set, and policies elaborated to implement them |
| why do we need to plan? | - interconnectedness—everything is linked to everything else - complexity—surpass individual comprehension/management |
| land use | management and modification of natural environment or wilderness into built environment such as settlements and semi-natural habitats such as arable fields, pastures, and managed woods |
| what do planners do (in growing community) | - shape pattern of growth - separate incompatible land uses and activities - locate public facilities - economic development |
| what do planners do (in a community that isn't growing) | - preserve historic buildings - improve streets - provide housing for low income residents - fix problems from previous plans (or lack of) |
| who are planners | part-time board; small/large planning departments, professional organizations |
| what skills do planners have | political smarts, good communication, patience |
| rationalism | (high, high) - analyze system and problems - layout alternative solutions - evaluate possible consequences of ea. solution - recommend best alternative - implementation - pros: research based; theory - cons: use lots of resources; impractical |
| methodism | - (low clarity of ends, high clarity of means/process) - "plan as blueprint" |
| utopianism | - (high clarity of ends, low clarity of means) - “plan as vision” - kindle community’s imagination - ideas meant to reinvent city - rdg: bernum—chicago “make no little plans" - pro: public awareness - cons: public awareness |
| incrementalism | low, low - rdg: no policy is perfect so tweak, wait, tweak, wait—muddle through - pros: cost effective, less opportunity to make massive harm, focus on smaller stakeholder groups with each tweak - cons: slow process; use current policy; reactionary |
| elements that indicate a city | - lots of land, low populations, - land granted by sovereignty, autonomous municipalities, limited govt. resources, - development controlled by grantee |
| census definition of "urban" | 50,000 or more people |
| spanish | (saint augustine, santa fe) |
| french | quebec, new orleans) |
| dutch | hudson valley, new amsterdam) |
| english | boston, philadelphia, savannah) |
| legacy of early planning attempts on planning today | “..common desire for openness observed was easily achievable because American cities lack walls.”-focus on the home |
| forces behind urban growth | - mercantile to industrial city - econ. transformation—artisan to industrial production - social change—rapid immigration - transportation innovation - changing urban structure—functional segregation; congestion |
| urban US history explains modern planning.... | urban squalor--NY tenement acts, sanitary reform, public water supplies, public parks |
| people who had influence on urban planning as practice | Olmstead, Pullman, Owen, howard, Olmstead jr., Burnham, Bennett |
| CP process | mapping, visioning, goals/objectives, needs analysis, alternative scenarios, plan and policies development, implementations, continue planning |
| why is "comprehensive " in the name? | geographical coverage, subject matter, time horizon |
| elements of a CP | population, land use, housing, circulation/transportation, econ development, natural resources, cultural/historical resources |
| advantages of CP | rational, legally sustainable |
| legal basis for planning | law defines procedures, much of planning is administering laws, constitutional framework (5, 14) |
| key legal issues | due process, "takings," exactions |
| who | stakeholders |
| what | what are you trying to do |
| when | when will you hold public involvement sessions? |
| where | where will you hold these |
| why | why involve the public? gain support, counter opposition from start |
| how? | charrettes, delphi process, fish bowls, participatory land use mapping, nominal group process |
| why is public involvement necessary for cp? | gain support, deal with opposition |
| examples of public participation techniques | charrettes, delphi process, fish bowls, participatory land use mapping, nominal group process |
| sittable space | - flexible space for people to to sit in the front/back/sides of the space - provide movable seating |
| streets | bring people to the plaza, surround the plaza, etc. |
| sun | when comfortable temperature, people want to sit in the sun |
| water | people like the look/sound/feeling of water—should be touchable |
| trees | gives people chance to see some kind of nature, sit under them to escape the sun when it’s hot, gives them sense of privacy/security despite being in a very public space |
| food | can be initial draw to the area, and the people who were drawn by the food will be a draw to more and more people |
| triangulation | external stimulus provides social bond between people—something in the area will cause strangers to talk |
| example of research on urban design at the site level | team of planners looked at why ppl were attracted to the plaza studied and not to others |
| cases in your experience that affirms | - i like sitting in the sun, but also having things like trees to escape from it when it is too warm - it’s nice to be around water when enjoying time outside |
| cases in your experience that refutes | i like secluded areas away from streets and the noise of vehicle traffic, but can understand why streets are so important to plazas in the middle of a city |
| what data collection methods did Whyte use? | - direct observation - time lapse videos - interview |
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tallzy14
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