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the hydrologic cycle
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runoff
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chap. 11 & 12
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| the hydrologic cycle | water evaporated from ocean , cooled water forms vapor and turns into clouds, circles earth and then turns to rain |
| runoff | precipitation falls too rapidly to be absorbed |
| overland flow | too much water to be absorbed into ground |
| sheet flow | flows in sheets down hill slopes, shallow |
| channelized flow | flow with path created by water movement |
| infiltration | process by which water on the ground enters the soil |
| types of infiltration | to soil water belt, to ground water |
| aquifer | permeable (water can move through) rock or sediment |
| perched water table | smaller water table sittig above main water table |
| aquiclude | impermeable rock or sediment |
| karst | dissolution of limestone |
| discharge | volume of water/unit time |
| stage | height of stream surface |
| stream gage | measures stage and discharge |
| stream velocity- friction | inc friction= dec velocity |
| stream velocity- slope | inc slope = inc velocity |
| stream velocity- area | dec area= inc velocity |
| drainage basin | total area occupied by drainage system |
| drainage divide | line following crest of upland seperating basins |
| hydrograph | plots discharge over time |
| base flow | peak water table |
| flood stage | height/stage above where river floods |
| resevoir | storage of water from water source |
| lakes and geologic time | only temporary |
| salty lake | landlocked with concentration of salts and other dissolved material higher than other lakes |
| fluvial geomorphology | how landscapes change over time, the study of landforms created by running water |
| denudation | lowering of landscape by water |
| erosional landform | process of natural break down of rocks |
| depositional landfom | formed by depositing of material |
| slope erosion - overland flow | removes sediment from slope |
| slope erosion- splash erosion | causes soil detachment and disinigration, erosional, soil bombarded wirh rain |
| sediment yield | quantity of sediment removed |
| dec vegitiation= | inc sediment yield |
| rill | small channels in hill slope carved by flowing water |
| master rill | water hooses rill and makes it larger over time |
| gully | steep walled canyon like trench |
| stream erosion- hydrolic action | force of flowing water removrd material |
| stream erosion- abrasion | rock particles carried by river |
| stram erossion- corrosion | chemical weathering dissolution |
| graded stream | carries just right amount of sediment that ot recieves |
| waterfall | eodes background over time |
| aggradation | elevation of strem bed is risiing |
| degedation | stream cutting down into sediments |
| entrenched meander | stream degrades into befrockq |
| point bar | depositional ladfor inside of meander |
| cut bank | erosional landform on outsife of meander bend |
| cut off | kocation on river where a meander was abandoned |
| oxbow lake | left behind after cutoff crescent shaped lake |
| natural levee | ridge of course sediments parrallels river on both sides |
| backswamp | flat section of finer sediments |
| terrace | former floodplain |
| eolian geomorphology | wind erodes naterials |
| wind abrasion | wind drives sand against surface |
| wind delfation | wind picks up loos particles |
| angle of response= | angle of stavility |
| alpine glacier | descending mountian valley formed among summits |
| glacier formation | accumulation of ice on land showing signs of past or present movement |
| cirque | bowl shaped depression at head of glacier |
| glacial trough | u shaped glacier valley evidence of former glaciers |
| hanging valley | u shaped trintary valley when glacier recedes its left hanging above |
| striations | series of ridges |
| zone of accumulation | area above firn lne where snow accumulates and exceeds losses froma ablation |
| zone of ablation | below firn line loss in ice mass due to melting |
| snowline | elevation above where snow melts |
| rigid zone | shallow |
| plastic zone | slower movement at bottom and along valley walls |
| arete | knife like ridge formed by enlargement of 2 troughs or cirques |
| horn | pyramidal peak formed by enlargement if 3 or more cirques |
| tarn | lake in cirque |
| col | low point in arete |
| till | unsorted unstratifies |
| moraine | main landform composed of tills ridges etc |
| fjord | long narrow inlet with steep sides or cliff createdd by glacial erosion |
| rouch moutenee | rock formation created by passing of glacier causing abrasion |
| ice marginal lake | lake located adjacent to glacier formed inn bedrock basin |
| outwash plain | formed from glacial sediments |
| kame | mound compased of sand gravel and til accumulates in retreating glaciers |
| kettle | shallow sediment filled body of water formed by retreating glaciers |
| esker | winding ridge of stratified land anfd gravel |
| drumlin | elongated hills in shape of inverted spoon formed by glacial ice |
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