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carrying capacity
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Geo ch.2
Population and Health
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| demography | the scientific study of population characteristics |
| carrying capacity | the maximum population size of a species that the environment can sustain indefinitely |
| overpopulation | occurs when the number of people exceeds the capacity of the environment to sustain life at a decent standard of living |
| ecumene | the portion of earth's surface occupied by permanent human settlement |
| arithmetic density | people/land area |
| physiological density | people/arable land |
| agricultural density | farmers/arable land |
| natural increase rate (NIR) | the percent by which a population grows in a year |
| doubling time | the number of years needed to double a population |
| natural increase | occurs when births (fertility) exceed deaths (mortality) |
| crude birth rate (CDR) | (live births/year)/1,000 people |
| crude death rate (CDR) | (deaths/year)/1,000 people |
| total fertility rate (TFR) | the average number of children a woman will have throughout her childbearing years |
| infant mortality rate (IMR) | the annual number of deaths of infants under 1 year of age (# of deaths age 0-1/1,000 live births) |
| demographic transition | a process of change in a society's population from high crude birth and death rates and low natural increase rate to a condition of low crude birth and death rates, low natural increase rate, and higher total population |
| stage 1 | low growth: very high birth and death rates, very low natural increase rate |
| stage 2 | high growth: high birth rate, rapidly decreasing death rates, very high natural increase rate |
| stage 3 | moderate growth: rapidly decreasing birth rate, moderately decreasing death rate, moderate natural increase rate |
| stage 4 | low growth: very low birth rate, low/slightly increasing death rate, low to negative natural increase rate |
| life expectancy | the average number of years an individual can be expected to live |
| elderly support ratio | the number of working-aged people (15-64) divided by the number of persons 65 and older |
| dependency ratio | the number of people who are too young or too old to work compared to the number of people in their productive years |
| population pyramid | a bar graph that displays the percent of a place's population for each age and gender |
| epidemiologic transition | focuses on distinctive health threats in each stage of the demographic transition |
| possible stage 5 | very low birth rate, increasing death rate, declining natural increase rate |
| pronatalist policy | a government policy that supports higher birth rates (China, India) |
| antinatalist policy | a government policy that supports lower birth rates (Japan) |
| neo-malthusian | population will ultimately exceed food or another resource (and already has in some regions) |
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imr36093
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