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Geography test 3
test 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| • Russian Tsars | o Powerful land-owning aristocracy o Majority of population were peasants o Collapsed in 1917 |
| • Bolsheviks | o Took over – a new socialist state • A fraction of Russian communist representing the interest of industrial workers • Leader: Vladimir Llyich Ulyanov (Lenin) |
| • Joseph Stalin | o (1930s) o Centralized power in Moscow o Enlarged size of Soviet Union • Baltic, Poland, Romania, Czechoslovakia o Asserted Russian authority |
| • Vladimir Llyich Ulyanov (Lenin) | o Leader of the Bolsheviks o Took over → a new socialist state |
| • Boris Yeltsin | o Democratic Election o December 1991 → all 15 Republics had become independent state and USSR ceased to exist |
| • Iron Curtain | o Western boundaries of the Soviet power in Europe o After WWII |
| • Chechnya | o Ethically, linguistically, religiously → NOT Russia • Most Sunni Muslim • December 2004: Yeltsin ordered invasion to restore order |
| • Command Economy | o A centrally planned and controlled economy • Socialist or communist countries • All goods, services, agriculture, and industrial products are owned and controlled by the central government |
| • Privatization | o Transfer to private ownership of those firms and industries previously owned and run by state |
| • Oligarchs | o Opportunists took advantage of weak economic controls (acquired large components of energy industry) |
| • Geographic Proximity | o Links to global economy • Oil and gas industry • Transmission lines • Shipping routes |
| • Chernobyl | o 1986 – Meltdown • Radiation Poisoning • Radioactive fallout over geographical area o Worst disaster in history of nuclear power o Tons of radioactive fuel instantly evaporated |
| • Russification | o Soviet policy moved Russians into non-Russian portions of USSR to Increase Russian dominance |
| • Ethnic Enclaves | o A neighborhood district, or suburb which retains some cultural distinction from a larger, surrounding area • Russian Enclaves in U.S.: • Brooklyn, NY → Brighton Beach |
| • Ring of Fire | o Large number of earthquakes and volcanoes |
| • Tsunami | o A large wave caused by the displacement of large volume of a body of water; can be a series of waves |
| • Anthropogenic Landscapes | o Human Transformation especially in China and Japan |
| • Pollution Exporting | o Relocated dirtier industrial operations to other countries (primary Southeast Asia) |
| • Mao Zedong | o Communism o Believed that a larger population would play into the hands of capitalist economies o 1943 – proclaims the birth of the Peoples’ Republic of China, Shek fled to Taiwan |
| One-Child” policy | o Have only one off-spring, or suffer financial penalties • Lack tax advantages, education offspring |
| • Ideographical writing | o Form of writing using symbols to represent whole words or ideas, rather than sound • Disadvantages → large number of characteristics to learn • Advantages → speakers of different languages use same writing system |
| • Confucianism | o Philosophy developed by Confucius has a strong influence on the region • Foster social stability • Obedience to authority • Authority figures must act in a caring matter • Education matters |
| • Buddhism | o Diffused to China from India by 2nd century A.D. • Widespread throughout the region • Nonexclusive: Buddhists be professing forth in another regions |
| • Shinto | o Closely bound to Japanese nationality o Harmony and nature and its connection to humans |
| • Taoism | o Rooted in nature worship o Feng Shui – Practice of designing buildings in accordance with spiritual powers that flow through the local topography |
| • Dynasty | o Succession of rulers comes from the same line of descent, often endured for centuries |
| • Han Dynasty (206 B.C. – 220A.D.) | • Expands to interior of Asia • Confucian principals • Trade expanded (the silk road) |
| • Ming Dynasty (1368 A.D. – 1644 A.D.) | • Exploration – Major advantages in science technology • Farming expands (silk and cotton) • Built defensive walls o Forbidden City o Great Wall |
| • Qing (Manchu) Dynasty (1644 A.D. – 1911 A.D.) | • Geographical expansion into Mongolia, Tibet, Korea, Taiwan • European Colonial pressures |
| • Opium Wars | o Resulting in Colonization o Colonial power had no formal political authority, but did have informal influence and tremendous economic clout • British Influence • Shanghai • Hong Kong |
| • The Demilitarized Zone | o Division of Korea • Divided by U.S. and Soviet Union after Korean War • 1950 – the north wanted to unify the country again, resulting in War • 38th Parallel • U.S. remains in South Korea |
| • Diwali | o “Festival of Lights” o 5 day festival in Hinduism, Jainism, and Sikhism o Celebration of the victory of good over evil; the uplifting of spiritual darkness |
| • Sherpa | o Ethnic group o Most mountainous region → Nepal o Expert in terrain, and master mountaineers o Hemoglobin-binding enzymes → genetic advantage o Known for hard work, and sense of humor o Tenzing Norgay • First Sherpa to reach peak of Mt. Everest |
| • Terracing | o Rice / Wheat / Millet |
| • Monsoon | o Distinct seasonal change of wind direction (brings change in precipitation) • Dominate climate factor of a region • Summer monsoon = rain & flooding • Winter monsoon = dry |
| • Onographic precipitation | o Precipitation from uplift and cooling of moist winds |
| • Rain-shadow effect | o Area of low rainfall on the leeward (downward) side of the mountain range |
| o Shiva | Destroyer |
| o Vishnu | preserver |
| Brahma | creater |
| • Hinduism /Hindu Culture | Reincarnation and working toward it Salvation – freedom from cycle Complex and varied religion North America U.K. No single one founder Oldest religion World’s 3/4 LARGEST religion India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Bali, Indonesia Deities/Devas = many a |
| • Green Revolution | o Agriculture techniques based on hybrid crops, heavy use of industrialized fertilizers and chemical pesticides |
| • Bustees | o Sprawling squatter homes • Urban areas |
| • Sanskrit | o Language o Over 10,000 years old |
| • Karma | action” or “deed” • Cause and effect • Humans have freewill • Choose good / evil o Consequences / benefits |
| • Caste System | strict division of Hindu society into ranked/hierarchical hereditary groups • Born into and die in • Determines and shapes o Status o Jobs o Marriage |
| • Sikhism | o Faith incorporating elements of Hinduism and Islam • Punjab: 1400s • 75% of Sikh’s still live there Many Muslims feel → “corruption” / “delusion” Sacred Temple: Golden Temple, Amritsar o Men → soldiers, bodyguards Do not cut hair Wrapped in a tur |
| • Mughal Empire | o 1500s o Powerful state o Islam |
| • British East Indian Company | o A private organization; acted as an arm of the British government and monopolized and traded • Sepoy Mutiny (1857) |
| • Kashmir | o British Rule: Ruled by British Hindu Maharaja o Mostly Muslim province joined India o Independence? o Join India? |
| • Punjab | o Hindus, Muslims, and Sikhism o Hasty Boundaries and Partition • Migration o Issue of Sikh autonomy |
| • Tamil Tigers | o (Dravidian) o Pioneered several terrorist techniques • Assassinated Rajiv Gandhi o Defeated → 2009 • Resurgence |
| • Typhoons | o Tropical hurricanes that bring heavy rainfall to the northern reaches of insular Asia • Islands experience very little seasonality (equatorial influence) • Compared to Mainland |
| • Transmigration | o A country’s policy of relocation of its population from one region to another within its national territory |
| • Crony Capitalism | o System in which close friends of a political leader are either illegally given business advantages in return for their political support |
| • Entrepot | o A Port where goods are imported, stored, and transported • Import raw materials and unfinished goods • Added value through processing, refining, and manufacturing • Sell for a profit • Singapore initially |
| • “Disneyesque” city | o Government involved in nearly all aspects of business and social life o Singapore: • One of the world’s cleanest, safest, and most orderly cities |
| • The Karen | o Indigenous people to the Thai/Burma border • Animism and Buddhist religion • Tribal religions based on worship of natures spirits and human ancestors o Geopolitical Issues • Burmese consider Karen culture inferior |
| • Domino Theory | o Fear that if Vietnam fell to communism the rest of Southeast Asia would follow |
| • City-State | o An independent entity whose territory consists of a city which is not administrated as part of another local government • Singapore |
| • Khmer Rouge | o Cambodia • 1975: Communist revolutionaries that overthrew the military regime • Leader: Pol Pot o Attempted to reconstruct country to a rural society • Drove people from tokens to the country with no place to live/work (terroristic methods) |
| • Micronesia | o “Small Islands” |
| • Polynesia | o “Many Islands” |
| • Melanesia | o “Dark Islands” |
| • Outback | o Australia’s thinly settled, huge interior |
| • Ayers Rock (Uluru) | o Sandstone Formation o An “island” mountain: an isolated remnant from erosion of larger formation o Erosion is still occurring |
| • High Islands | o Volcanoes that rise to high elevation and cover large areas |
| • Atoll | o The combination of narrow sand islands, barrier coral reefs, and central lagoons |
| • The Great Barrier Reef | o Lies along the eastern Queensland coast o Coral reef building o Can be seen from space |
| • Invasive species | o Threaten native species • Rabbits • Brown Tree Snake • Cane Toads |
| • Aborigine | o Ancestors of today’s native Australian population made their way into the region around 40,000 years ago |
| • Indigenous People | o People who inhabit a geographic region with which they have the earliest historical connection |
| • Self-Determination | o Embodies the right for all people to determine their own economic, social, and cultural development |
| • The Stolen Generation | o Aboriginal Protection Act 1869-1969 • Removed “half-casts” from their families to force them to assimilate into white society • Today many Aborigines do not know their family origin |
| • Cold War | o (1946-1991) o The Ideological struggle between U.S. and Soviet Union • Nuclear Power • Space Race • Sports (Olympics) → dominated |
Created by:
kristenenderlin
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