Originally refers to a German Protestant hymn tune. In composition, it typically means a choral composition for voices or instruments, such as a Bach chorale. The word “Chorale” is also sometimes used as the name of a choir or chorus.
Measure
A measurement of time in music that contains a specific number of pulses defined by a time signature, and that is contained within bar lines.
Dolce (Italian)
Meaning to be performed sweetly or delicately.
Instrumentation
This can also be called orchestration when assigned to an orchestra. It is the way a composer or arranger takes musical sounds and assigns them to specific instruments.
Accent
An emphasis or “punch” at the beginning of a musical sound.
Ensemble
1) A group of musicians playing together like an orchestra or a string quartet;
2) The actual act of playing as a unit, or performing together
Adagio (Italian)
Meaning a slow tempo or slow speed. Sometimes it is the name of a work like Mozart's Adagio for Violin and Orchestra.
Tonality
The organization of all the tones and harmonies of a piece of music in relation to a tonic.
Pitch
The frequency* of a note determining how high or low it sounds (* “frequency” in this context is the number of complete oscillations per second of energy as sound in the form of sound-waves).
