Sequential diffusion process in which the items being diffused are transmitted by their carrier agents as they relocate to new areas.
Turkish Model
In the wake of the regime changes in the North Africa/Southwest Asia realm brought about by the “Arab Spring” of 2011, moderates have cited Turkey as the best model of democratic governance for this part of the world.
Stateless nation
A national group that aspires to become a an independent state but lacks the territorial means to do so. Example: Iraq
Culture Hearth
Heartland, source area, or innovation center; place of origin of a major culture.
Religious revivalism
Religious movement whose objectives are to return to the foundations of that faith and to influence state policy. Often called religious fundamentalism; but in the case of Islam, Muslims prefer the term revivalism.
Domino effect
The belief that political destabilization in one state can result in the collapse of order in a neighboring state, triggering a chain of events that, in turn, can affect a series of contiguous states.
Cultural Geography
The wide-ranging and comprehensive field of geography that studies spatial aspects of human cultures.
Islamic Front
The southern border of the African Transition Zone that marks the religious frontier of the Muslim faith in its southward penetration of Subsaharan Africa.
Desalination
The process of removing dissolved salts from water, thereby producing fresh (drinking) water from seawater or brackish water.
Fragmented modernization
A checkerboard-like spatial pattern of modernization in an emerging-market economy wherein a few localized regions of a country experience most of the development while the rest are largely unaffected.
