In the process of carcinogenesis, which two stages can be stabilized or reversed if the cell has the ability to repair the genetic alteration?
Initiation and promotion stage
Prevention and Control
mammorgraphy and SBE; Testicular Cancer & STE; Colonoscopy; Smoking influences; Alcohol influences
Cancer staging/grading
T-Tumor
Extent of the primary tumor (original site of cancer)
What does it mean by abnormal cells are joined loosely?
Normal cells have protein that keep all cells joint together. Abnormal cells- cell purpose changes and the cells detach self and goes some where else in body
What happens to the function of the cell when they are abnormal?
Cell becomes undifferentiated, cell become useless after damage.
Cancer in children/ Assessment
Fever, Pain, petechiae and ecchymosis, abdominal mass, swollen lymphnodes, frequent headache, vomiting, unexplained rapid wt. loss
Describe carcinogensis
Initiation-exposure/genectic chemical; Promotion- cells are changing; Transformation- cancer cell is growing (nucleus is bigger, genetic changes); Progression- Malignant tumors
Cancer Staging/Grading
N-
absence or presence of regional lymph node involvement
Abnomal cells- 5 phases
lost of appearance; nucleus/cytoplasm ratio, loss of function; joined loosely together; migrate
