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N112 Fluids Quiz

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1. What would an increase in hydrostatic pressure cause?




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2. What is third spacing?




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3. What is hypervolemia?




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4. What would happen to the blood volume if more water stayed in the interstitial space?




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5. How do fluid shifts occur?




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6. What would increased capillary permeability cause?




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7. What is colloid osmotic pressure?




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8. How does inflammation, burns or allergic reactions effect edema?




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9. Aldosterone causes the kidney to retain sodium & water.




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10. An increase in ADH will cause the kidney to retain fluid and a decrease in ADH will cause the kidney to excrete fluid.




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11. Hypovolemia is due to a loss of both water & electrolytes, especially sodium.




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12. A decrease in serum protein (albumin), as in malnutrition, burns or liver damage result in low colloid osmotic pressure.




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13. Weight gain, peripheral edema, distended neck & peripheral veins, bounding full pulse, polyuria, pulmonary edema, moist rales. Serum sodium levels may be normal or decreased due to dilution.




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14. A reduced circulating blood volume can be caused by blood loss, reduced fluid intake, excessive fluid loss, fluid lost to interstitial space.




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15. Indications of fluid volume deficiency may include decreased urine, output, drop in systolic BP, weak rapid pulse, dry mucous membranes, last stages include cold, clammy skin, olguria, stupor & coma.




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16. Less water would be pulled into the blood vessels from the interstitial spaces.




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17. Determine renal function, isotonic electrolyte solution (lactated ringers), followed by a hypotonic solution. Continue fluids, evaluate lung sounds & BP for indications of overload.





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