Question | Answer |
What is the normal range of urine production? | 1 to 2 Liters per day. |
Urine is usually ___ water and ___ solutes. | 95%, 5%. |
Where are the kidneys located? | The kidneys are level with the twelfth thoracic and third lumbar vertebrae. |
What forms the glomerulus? | A cluster of capillaries. |
What is a sign of glomerular injury? | Proteinuria. |
Is urine draining from the the ureters to the bladder sterile? | Yes. |
What are terms used to say the expelling of urine from the body? | Urination, micturition, and voiding. |
An adult senses the need to urinate when the bladder has how many ml? | 150-200 ml |
A child senses the need to urinate when the bladder has how many ml? | 50-100 ml |
What is urinary retention? | An accumulation of urine in the bladder because the bladder is unable to partially or completely empty |
Children can not control urination voluntarily until? | 18 to 24 months. |
Urinary tract infections account for what percent of hospital-acquired infections in the United States? | 36% to 40%. |
What is bacteriuria? | bacteria in the urine. |
What is urosepsis? | The spread of organisms into the bloodstream. |
What is residual urine? | urine that remains in the bladder after urination. |
What is urinary incontinence? | the loss of control over voiding, it is either temporary or permanent. |
What are the 5 types of urinary incontinence? | Total, Functional, Stress, Urge, and Reflex. |
What are three common urinary problems? | Urinary Retention, Urinary tract infection, and urinary incontinence. |
What are three urinary diversions? | Urostomy, infection control and hygiene, developmental considerations. |
What do you do when assessing a patient for urinary problems? | History, patterns, symptoms, and factors affecting. |
During a physical assessment, what do you look at? | Skin and mucous membranes, kidney flank, bladder, urethral meatus, I&O, Urine Characteristics. |
What labs are done to determine urinary problems? | Urinalysis, clean catch, sterile specimen, 24 hour urine. |
What urinalysis values are looked at? | pH, Protein, Glucose, Ketones, Blood, Specific gravity. |
What are some non invasive diagnostic tests? | KUB, IVP. |
What are some invasive diagnostic tests? | Endoscope, Arteriogram. |
What is urgency? | Feeling of the need to void immediately. |
What is Dysuria? | Painful or difficult urination. |
What is frequency? | Voiding at frequent intervals. |
What is Hesitancy? | Difficulty in initiating urination. |
What is Polyuria? | Voiding large amount of urine. |
What is Oliguria? | Diminished urinary output in relation to fluid intake. |
What is Nocturia? | Urination, particularly excessive, at night. |
What is dribbling? | leakage of urine despite voluntary control of micturition. |
What is hematuria? | Presence of blood in urine. |
What is retention? | Accumulation of urine in bladder, with inability of bladder to empty. |
What is residual urine? | Volume of urine remaining in bladder after voiding(volumes of 100 ml or more). |
What is a key indicator of kidney function? | Urine output. |
How quickly do urine specimens need to be to the lab? | Within 1 hour of collection or be refrigerated. |
When collecting a 24 hour urine specimen, what do you always do with the first sample? | Discard it. |
Where is a suprapubic catheter located? | It is inserted surgically into the bladder through the lower abdomen above the symphsis pubis. |