| Term | Definition |
| pH<7.35 and PaCO2 > 45 HCO3 Normal | RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS
chronic obstruction lung disease |
| Chronic Obstruction lung disease | emphysema, chronic bronchitis, severed asthma, ARDS, Guillian-Barre syndrome, anesthesia and pneumonia |
| pH<7.35 and HCO3 <22 | METABOLIC ACIDOSIS
DKA, severe diarrhea, starvation/malnutrition, kidney failure, burns, shock and acute MI |
| drugs that cause a low pH | narcotics, barbiturates, acetazolamide (Diamox), ammonium chloride and paraldehyde |
| pH> 7.45 and PaCO2<35 | RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS
salicylate toxicity (early phase), anxiety, hysteria, tetany, strenuous exercise (swimming, running) fever, hyperthyroidism, delirium tremens, pulmonary embolism, sepsis. If a mechanical vent patient (too much f or VT) |
| pH > 7.45 and HCO3 > 26 | METABOLIC ALKALOSIS
severe vomiting, gastric suction, peptic ulcer, potassium loss (hypokalemia), excess administration of sodium bicarbonate, cystic fibrosis, hepatic failure |
| drugs that cause an elevated pH | sodium bicarbonate, sodium oxalate, potassium oxalate |
| Compensated Respiratory Acidosis | pH Normal
PaCO2 > 45
HCO3> 26
Leave mechanical vent patient alone. There are no changes to be made they are compensating |
| Metabolic Alkalosis | pH alkalotic
HCO3 alkalotic |
| Metabolic Acidosis | pH is acidotic
HCO3 acidotic |
| Compensated state | pH is in normal range (7.35-7.45) |
| uncompensated | pH outside normal range and CO2 or HCO3 is normal |
| Respiratory Alkalosis | pH is alkalotic
CO2 is alkalotic |
| Respiratory Acidosis | pH is acidotic
CO2 is acidotic |
| Partially compensated | pH outside normal
CO2 and HCO3 outside of normal |
