| Question | Answer |
| Alveolar Air Equation | FIO2(PB-PH2O)-PaCO2/0.8=PAO2 |
| With Alveolar Air Equation if FIO2 is >.60 you should? | Eliminate /0.8 |
| FIO2(PB-PH2O)= | PIO2 |
| FIO2 | Fraction of Inspired O2 |
| PH2O | Partial Pressure of Water Vapor
(Typically 47) |
| PaCO2 | Arterial Partial Pressure of Carbon Dioxide |
| PAO2 | Alveolar Partial Pressure of O2 |
| PB | Partial Pressure
(Typically 760) |
| O2 Hypoventilation | Noted in COPD patients w/ elevated PaCO2 and HCO3
Develop a hypoxic drive
If PaO2 is above 60mmHg the drive is diminished leading to hypoventilation |
| Absorption Atelectasis | N2 washout of alveolar gas
N2 is inert and not absorbed |
| O2 Toxicity | Cause by elevated FIO2-->Free Radicals that which damages the A-C membrane of the lung-->Edema & Fibrosis |
| ROP stands for? | Retinopathy of Prematurity |
| ROP is... | Disease of the Eye
Cause by PaO2 > 80mmHg
Constriction of Retinal Blood Vessels
May cause retinal scarring & blindness |
| BPD stands for? | Broncho-pulmonary Dysplasia |
| BPD is... | (Chronic Lung disorder)
Combo of high FIO2 & airway damage from peak ventilator pressures |
| Goals of O2 Therapy | Treat Hypoxemia
Reduce WOB (Work of Breathing)
Reduce Myocardial workload |
| VT | Tidal Volume |
| VE | Minute Volume
Volume of gas inhaled or exhaled from lungs per/min |
| Indications of O2 Therapy | Documented Hypoxemia
-PaO2 < 60mmHg
-SaO2 <90%
Suspected Hypoxemia
-Acute M/I
-Severe Trauma |
| Clinical Manifestations of Hypoxemia | Tachycardia
Tachypnea
Cyanosis
Restlessness/Confusion
Pulmonary Hypertension |
| Responsive Hypoxemia | Increase in PaO2 & FIO2
Due to V/Q (Ventilation/Perfusion) mismatch
Use low or high O2 device |
| Refractory Hypoxemia | PaO2 demonstrated minimal response w/ increase FIO2
Due to shunting
Use PEEP or CPAP |
| Monitoring O2 Therapy/Administration | Pulse OX (SpO2)
Physical Assessment of: Pulse/Frequency (Breath Rate)/Color/Neurologic Status |
| Low Flow O2 Systems | Will not meet patients inspiratory peak flow needs
Nasal Cannulas
Transtracheal O2 Catheter
Simple O2 Mask
Partial & Non-rebreather Mask |
| Pulse Demand/Dose Delivery Systems | W/ Cannulas & Transtracheal Catheter
Set O2 upon inspiration
17ml @ 1 LPM
35ml @ 2 LPM |
| Variables of Low Flow Systems | Respiratory Rate
Tidal Volume
Inspiratory Flow
Ins:Exp ratio |
| High Flow O2 Systems | Will meet patients inspiratory peak flow needs
Air-entrainment Mask and/or Nebulizer
Both <.40 |
| Jet Mixing | O2 is gas source
Air-entrainment ports allow for increased total flow and a variable FIO2 |
| Air:O2 | 100-% (L of Air)/%-20 (L of O2) |
| Aerosol Devices | Used with entrainment nebulizers
Provides cold or heated humidification |
| Types of Aerosol Devices | Aerosol Mask
Face Tent
Tracheostomy Mask
Briggs Adapter (T-tube) |
| Hazards of Briggs Adapter | Accidental Extubation
Water Lavage
Low FIO2 w. high Peak Inspiratory Flow |
| O2 Reservoir | Used to maintain FIO2
w/ increased liter flow |
| O2 Tents | Pediatric Use-1 degree for aerosol delivery
Croup & Cystic Fibrosis |
