| Question | Answer |
| Normal electrolyte value for sodium? | 135-145 mEq/L |
| Normal electrolyte value for Potassium? | 2.5-5.0 mEq/L |
| Normal electrolyte value for Chloride? | 95-105 mEq/L |
| What is Hyponatremia? | Sodium <135 mEq/L |
| Causes and Signs of Hyponatremia? | Causes: Sweating, Burns, Diuretics
Signs: Abdominal cramps, Muscle twitching |
| What is Hypernatremia? | Sodium >145 mEq/L |
| Causes and Signs of Hypernatremia? | Causes: Dehydration, Hyperaldosteronism
Signs: Excessive thirst, Dry tongue |
| What is Hypokalemia? | Potassium <3.5 mEq/L |
| Causes and Signs of Hypokalemia? | Causes: Vomiting, Diarrhea, Diuretics
Signs: U-wave, "Flat" T waves, depressed ST segment |
| What is Hyperkalemia? | Potassium >5.0 mEq/L |
| Causes and Signs of Hyperkalemia? | Causes: Tissue Cell breakdown, renal failure,
Signs: Peaked/tall T-waves, Wide QRS |
| What is Hypochloremia? | Chloride <95 mEq/L |
| Causes and Signs of Hypochloremia? | Causes: Vomiting, Diuretics
Signs: Metabolic Alkalosis |
| What is Hyperchloremia? | Chloride >105 mEq/L |
| Causes and Signs of Hyperchloremia? | Causes: Diarrhea, Nephritis
Signs: Metabolic Acidosis, Hyperventilation |
