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Staph, Strep, GPB

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Created by: Mwortman

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Question	Answer
Bacitracin = S Furazolidone = R Modified oxidase = Blue Catalase = Bubbles These test results identify the MO as:	Micrococcus
Motility = negative at 35 & positive at 25 Catalase = positive Hemolysis = beta Bile-esculin = Black Gram stain = Small, Gram-positive coccobacillary What is the identification?	Listeria monocytogenes
Name four examples of enrichment broths and describe their uses.	GN & Selenite = isolation Salmonella & Shigella LIM & Trans-Vag = isolation GBS
What is the purpose of the Quellung reaction?	Identify Streptococcus pneumoniae - specific capsular antigens
What reagent is used for the PYR test?	N, N-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde
A physician sends a throat swab to the laboratory, requesting culture and Gram stain for Group A streptococcus. Is the Gram stain request appropriate for GAS?	No; many types of normal flora streptococcus (not GAS) are present
What is the primary disease caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae?	Community acquired pneumonia
Which toxin is found in the cell wall of Gram-negative organisms?	Endotoxin; found in lipopolysaccharide part of cell wall
Why is methylene blue stain used for detection of Corynebacterium diphtheriae?	For ID purposes - reveals metachromatic granules
What type of hemolysis is exhibited by Corynebacterium species?	Gamma hemolysis
What type of hemolysis is considered no hemolysis (nonhemolytic)?	Gamma hemolysis
What test is performed only on Staphylococcus coagulase-negative isolates from urine cultures?	Novobiocin susceptibility
An anaerobic atmosphere is without __________ and an example of an anaerobic organism is ______________.	Oxygen; Clostridium
What type of media are MAC & EMB? What is the purpose of using the media?	Selective media; used to isolate GN organisms (most GPs are inhibited)
What is another name for Rothia mucilaginosus (Stomatococcus)?	"Sticky Staph"
Which chemical agent is recommended for blood spills?	1/10 dilution of bleach (NaClO); clean 1st (soap & water) & then disinfect
Agar media melts at _________ and stays liquid until 45-50o C (or solidifies at 45-50o C).	100 degrees C
What is the appropriate temperature and pressure when autoclaving material?	15 psi for 121 C degrees for 15 minutes
What is the optimal incubation temperature for most bacteria?	35 to 37 degrees C (body temperature)
What are the three most common temperatures used in the laboratory to isolate bacteria?	35-37 degrees; 22-25 degrees (room temperature); & 42 degrees
What reagent is used for the hippurate test if sodium benzoate is detected?	7% Ferric chloride
What the genus names for satelliting strep?	Abiotrophia & Granulicatella
An animal infectious disease transmitted to humans is referred to as zoonosis. Which zoonotic organisms have we studied?	Bacillus anthracis, Erysipelothrix, & Listeria (when due to food poisioning)
Gram-positive, large rods Spores present Nonhemolytic Nonmotile Catalase = positive What is the identification?	Bacillus anthracis
Which Gram-positive rods are associated with food poisoning?	Bacillus cereus and Listeria
Name an aerobic, spore-forming genus	Bacillus species
Gram-positive, large rods Spores present Hemolytic Motile Catalase = positive What is the identification?	Bacillus species
Motility = negative Catalase = positive Hemolysis = usually gamma Gram stain = "Chinese letters" What is the identification?	Corynebacterium species
PYR = Positive Alpha/gamma hemolytic What is the identification ?	Enterococcus species
Name two organisms (GPC) that are more resistant to antibiotic treatment.	Enterococcus & satelliting streptococcus
Bile-esculin = Black 6.5% salt = Growth P disk = R What is the identification ?	Enterococcus species
Which Gram-positive rod produces H2S?	Erysipelothrix
Motility = negative Catalase = negative Hemolysis = alpha/gamma Gram stain = Gram-positive rods H2S production on TSI What is the identification?	Erysipelothrix
Motility = negative Catalase = negative Hemolysis = alpha/gamma Gram stain = chains of Gram-positive rods What is the identification?	Lactobacillus
Which organism produces tumbling motility in wet mounts?	Listeria monocytogenes
Which organism produces umbrella-like growth pattern in semisolid agar?	Listeria monocytogenes
Which streptococcus-like bacteria are vancomycin resistant?	Pediococcus & Leuconostoc
Bacitracin = R Furazolidone = S Modified oxidase = Colorless Catalase = No bubbles These test results identify the MO as:	Rothia mucilaginosus (Stomatococcus)
Tube coagulase positive What is the identification ?	Staphylococcus aureus
Slide coagulase result: saline = no clumps plasma = clumps What is the identification?	Staphylococcus aureus
A disk = R CAMP = Arrowhead hemolysis PYR = No color change SXT = R What is the identification ?	Streptococcus agalactiae
Bile-esculin = No color change 6.5% salt = No growth P disk = S What is the identification ?	Streptococcus pneumoniae
Bile soluble = clearing of MO What is the identification ?	Streptococcus pneumoniae
A disk = S CAMP = negative PYR = positive SXT = R What is the identification ?	Streptococcus pyogenes
A physician sends a throat swab to the laboratory, requesting antigen testing for Group A streptococcus. What are the correct responses to positive antigen test results and negative test results?	+ result is reported as Group A strep; = result is confirmed with culture
What tests are appropriate for beta-hemolytic, catalase negative, GPC organisms?	A & SXT disks; PYR; CAMP or hippurate hydrolysis & Serogrouping
Facultative anaerobes can live _________________ & _______________. Examples are ___________ & ___________.	Aerobically & anaerobically Staphylococcus & Streptococcus
What type of hemolysis has a zone of greenish discoloration?	Alpha
What type of hemolysis is exhibited by Lactobacillus & Erysipelothrix?	Alpha and Gamma
What type of hemolysis is demonstrated by Streptococcus pneumoniae, viridans streptococcus, Enterococcus species, & nonenterococcal Group D streptococcus?	Alpha hemolysis
Which organism is described as producing Medusa head growth on media and "string of pearls" appearance on Gram stain?	Bacillus anthracis
What reagent is in the A disk?	Bacitracin
What media are used to isolate Corynebacterium diphtheriae?	BAP, cystine-tellurite OR Tinsdale, and Loeffler OR Pai
What type of hemolysis involves the complete lysis of RBCs?	Beta = clear zone underneath colony
What type of hemolysis is demonstrated by Groups A, B, C, F, & G Streptococcus?	Beta
What type of hemolysis is exhibited by Arcanobacterium haemolyticum?	Beta
What type of hemolysis is exhibited by Listeria monocytogenes?	Beta
How are Listeria and Group B Streptococcus similar?	Beta hemolytic, + for hippurate & CAMP & cause meningitis/bacteremia in babies
Which organism is used to perform the CAMP test?	beta-lysin producing S. aureus- (not all S. aureus produce beta-lysin)
What reagent is used for the bile solubility test?	Bile salts (sodium deoxycholate)
Name two examples of nonselective media.	Blood agar & chocolate agar
Underdecolorized WBCs will appear __________.	Blue-purple
Slide coagulase test detects __________________ .	Slide coagulase test detects __________________ .
The staphylococcus latex aggulutination test detects ________ & _________. In addition some tests detect capsular polysaccharides.	Bound coagulase (clumping factor) & protein A
How are CO2 levels checked in CO2 incubators?	By using a fyrite measuring device
What tests are appropriate for gamma-hemolytic, catalase negative, GPC organisms?	CAMP or hippurate hydrolysis, Bile-esculin, 6.5% salt & PYR
Which media should always be QC'ed by the laboratory?	Chocolate agar, selective media for pathogenic Neisseria, & Campylobacter agar
Capnophilic organisms require an increased amount of _____________ and an example of a capnophilic organism is ___________ _____________.	CO2; Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Which organisms are referred to as having diphtheroid or coryneform morphology?	Corynebacterium, Arcanobacterium, & Rothia
List the Gram stain reagents in the correct order for test performance.	List the Gram stain reagents in the correct order for test performance.
How often should personnel check tempertures on laboratory incubators?	Daily
Which test is used to determines C. diphtheriae toxin formers?	Elek test
Which toxin is produced by living bacteria and secreted into the surrending medium?	Exotoxin
Tube coagulase test detects __________________ .	Extracellular coagulase
What type of hemolysis is demonstrated by Group B Streptococcus, viridans streptococcus, Enterococcus species and nonenterococcal Group D streptococcus?	Gamma hemolysis
What type of hemolysis is exhibited by Bacillus anthracis?	Gamma hemolysis
A disk = S CAMP = No arrowhead hemolysis PYR = Red SXT = R What is the identification ?	Group A Streptococcus
What does Staphylococcus look like on Gram stain?	Gram-positive cocci in clumps (clusters)
What does Streptococcus pneumoniae look like on Gram stain?	Gram-positive cocci in pairs (lancet shaped)
What does Micrococcus look like on Gram stain?	Gram-positive cocci in tetreds
How does Corynebacterium species appear on Gram stain?	Gram-positive, small pleomorphic rods ("Chinese" letters)
What is the Gram-stain result for Listeria?	Gram-positive, small rods (may be coccobacillary)
PYR = Red Beta hemolytic What is the identification ?	Group A Streptococcus
A disk = R Hippurate = Positive PYR = Negative SXT = R What is the identification ?	Group B Streptococcus
What reagent is used for the catalase test?	H2O2
Humidophilic organisms require increased ___________ and an example of a humidophilic organism is _____________ _____________	Humidity; Haemophilus ducreyi
Which media is not QC'ed as long as the manufacturer sents documentation of successful quality control testing?	MAC, EMB, CNA, PEA, & BAP
What reagent is used for the hippurate test if glycine is detected?	Ninhydrin
Bile-esculin = Positive 6.5% salt = No growth Optochin = R What is the identification ?	Non-Enterococcus, Group D Streptococcus
Name two examples of nutrient media.	Nutrient agar & trypticase soy broth
What reagent is in the P disk?	Optochin (also called ethylhydrocupreine hydrochloride)
Microaerobic organisms require a decreased amount of ___________ and an example of a microaerobic organism is _______________.	Oxygen; Campylobacter
What tests are appropriate for alpha-hemolytic, catalase negative, GPC organisms?	P disk or bile solubility, Bile-esculin, 6.5% salt, & PYR
Slide coagulase results: saline = clumps plasma = clumps What should be the next step?	Perform tube coagulase due to autoagglutination
Overdecolorized Gram positive bacteria will appear ___________.	Pink to red
What reagent is used for the coagulase test?	Plasma
Slide coagulase negative What is the identification?	Probably Coagulase Negative Staph - confirmed w/ tube or latex agglutination
What is satelliting streptococci deficient in?	pyridoxal (vitamin B6)
Appearance of Staphylococcus coagulase negative & Micrococcus on MSA agar (MOs don't ferment mannitol)	red colonies
What organism is referred to as nutritionally deficient, thimol requiring, nutritionally variant, pyridoxal dependent, symbiotic streptococcus, & vitamin B6 dependent?	Satelliting streptococci
What type of media are PEA & CNA? What is the purpose of using the media?	Selective media; used to isolate GP organisms (most GNs are inhibited)
PYR = Red Hippurate = Purple What is the identification ?	Serogroup MO
Which organism is known to cause an aggressive form of endocarditis? Which specimens would the organisms most likely be detected in?	Staphylococcus lugdunensis; blood cultures specimens
What reagents are used for the modified oxidase test?	Tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine & DMSO
Periodically, autoclaves are tested using spore strips impregnated with Bacillus stearothermophilus. The strip is autoclaved and then tested for growth. What does it mean if the spore strip grows bacteria?	The autoclaved materials were not sterilized; the process has to be repeated.
Bile-esculin = No color change 6.5% salt = Purple P disk = R What is the identification ?	Viridans streptococcus
Appearance of Staphylococcus aureus on mannitol salt agar - ferments mannitol	Yellow colonies