| Question | Answer |
| Height of the Middle Ages: Trading and Crusading | Merchants emerged in town, Towns often formed alliances with each other, |
| Height of the Middle Ages: Hanseatic League (1358) | trade alliance though northern Europe to drive toward nationhood, increase social mobility and flexibility |
| Height of the Middle Ages: Architecture | Romanesque to Gothic - especially reflected in cathedrals, Often had art and sculpture, music |
| Height of the Middle Ages: Scholasticism | growth of education and knowledge - founding of universities for men; philosophy, law, medicine study; ideas of Muslims and Greeks - came in conflict with religion |
| Height of the Middle Ages: Crusades (11-14th century) | military campaigns by European Christians to convert Muslims and non-Christians, sent by the church, 4 crusades, 4th ended up doing something to Venice cause they were trade opps of ottomans |
| Height of the Middle Ages: Crusades(11-14th century); Combat Heresies | Combat Heresies: religious practices/beliefs not conforming to traditional church doctrine
Pope Innocent III: issued strict decrees on church doctrine - frequently persecuted heretics and Jews, unsuccessful 4th crusade |
| Height of the Middle Ages: Crusades(11-14th century): Pope Gregory XI | Pope Gregory IX: Inquisition (formal interrogation and prosecution of perceived heretics with punishments like excommunication, torture, execution) - church often referred to as Universal Church or Church Militant |
| Height of the Middle Ages: Urbanization | Trade led to the growth of urban culture, Silk Route cities were the most populous, Constantinople+Paris+Italian cities were biggest in Europe |
| The Rise and Fall of the Mongols: Genghis Kahn | Mongols were a set of tribes and clans that were superb horseman and archers
Genghis Kahn: unified the tribes in Mongolia in the early 1200s to expand their authority over other societies - first invaded China in 1234 |
| The Rise and Fall of the Mongols: Mongol Empire | From East Asia to eastern Europe, destroyed cities but peace after
Golden Horde: conquered modern Russia
Kublai Khan: Kahn’s successor - ruled China
didn't have a set culture, enforce religion or way of life on nations, made cultural advancements |
| The Rise and Fall of the Mongols: Impact | Great diffusers of culture
Prevented Russia from culturally developing
World trade, cultural diffusion, global awareness grew as they spread through Europe, the Middle East, and Asia |
| Mali and Songhai | Mali had a lot of gold that Islamic traders were interested in
Mansa Musa: Mali ruler who built the capital of Timbuktu and expanded kingdom, Hajj to Mecca and brought gold
Sonni Ali: Songhai ruler that conquered region of west Africa in 15th century |
| Chinese Technology: Song Dynasty | bureaucratic system built on merit and civil service examination creating a lot of loyal government workers, improved transportation and communication and business practices |
| Chinese Technology: improvements | Concentrated on creating an industrial society - improved literacy with printed books which increased productivity and growth |
| Trade Networks and Cultural Diffusion: Basic Facts | Trade exploded from 1200-1450
Improved with better transportation and monetary systems |
| Trade Networks and Cultural Diffusion: Main Global Trade Routes | The Hanseatic League
The Silk Road
Mongol land routes
Trade between China and Japan
Trade between India and Persia
The Trans-Saharan trade routes between west Africa and the Islamic Empire
Cultural diffusion - spread religions, languages, literature |
| Trade Networks and Cultural Diffusion: Bubonic Plague | started in Asia in the 14th century and carried by merchants - killed about 1/3 people, boils on skin, fleas on rats |
| Trade Networks and Cultural Diffusion: Indian Ocean Trade+Vibrant Indian Ocean Communities | Dominated by Persians and Arabs - western India to Persian Gulf to eastern Africa
Great Zimbabwe: trading empire in Africa from 11th to 15th centuries
Sailors marrying local women created cultural intermixing
Monsoons played a big role in trade |
| Trade Networks and Cultural Diffusion: Silk Road | China to Mediterranean cultures in early days of Roman Empire and from 1200 to 1600
Cultural exchange through travellers stopping at trade towns
Things Traded: Silk, porcelain, paper, religion, food, military technologies
Connected through mongol rule |
| Trade Networks and Cultural Diffusion: Hanseatic League | Made up of over 100 cities
Created substantial middle class in northern Europe
Set precedent for large, European trading operations |
| Expansion of Religion and Empire: Cultural Clash
Both natural spread of religion through contact over trade and intentional diffusion through missionary work or religious war | Both natural spread of religion through contact over trade and intentional diffusion through missionary work or religious war |
| Trade Networks and Cultural Diffusion: Reasons People Were on the Move | Ran out of room in certain places, but cities were always increasing in size as opportunities grew in them, New cities and empires drew people in, Muslim pilgrimages/hajj |
| Trade Networks and Cultural Diffusion: Notable Global Travelers | Xuanzang: Chinese Buddhist monk - through T’ang Dynasty to India to explore Buddhism
Marco Polo: merchant from Venice, to China and Europe
Ibn Battuta: Islamic traveler, through Islamic world to India to China |
