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WHAP Unit 2

terms vocab and ideas from unit 2

Question	Answer
Height of the Middle Ages: Trading and Crusading	Merchants emerged in town, Towns often formed alliances with each other,
Height of the Middle Ages: Hanseatic League (1358)	trade alliance though northern Europe to drive toward nationhood, increase social mobility and flexibility
Height of the Middle Ages: Architecture	Romanesque to Gothic - especially reflected in cathedrals, Often had art and sculpture, music
Height of the Middle Ages: Scholasticism	growth of education and knowledge - founding of universities for men; philosophy, law, medicine study; ideas of Muslims and Greeks - came in conflict with religion
Height of the Middle Ages: Crusades (11-14th century)	military campaigns by European Christians to convert Muslims and non-Christians, sent by the church, 4 crusades, 4th ended up doing something to Venice cause they were trade opps of ottomans
Height of the Middle Ages: Crusades(11-14th century); Combat Heresies	Combat Heresies: religious practices/beliefs not conforming to traditional church doctrine Pope Innocent III: issued strict decrees on church doctrine - frequently persecuted heretics and Jews, unsuccessful 4th crusade
Height of the Middle Ages: Crusades(11-14th century): Pope Gregory XI	Pope Gregory IX: Inquisition (formal interrogation and prosecution of perceived heretics with punishments like excommunication, torture, execution) - church often referred to as Universal Church or Church Militant
Height of the Middle Ages: Urbanization	Trade led to the growth of urban culture, Silk Route cities were the most populous, Constantinople+Paris+Italian cities were biggest in Europe
The Rise and Fall of the Mongols: Genghis Kahn	Mongols were a set of tribes and clans that were superb horseman and archers Genghis Kahn: unified the tribes in Mongolia in the early 1200s to expand their authority over other societies - first invaded China in 1234
The Rise and Fall of the Mongols: Mongol Empire	From East Asia to eastern Europe, destroyed cities but peace after Golden Horde: conquered modern Russia Kublai Khan: Kahn’s successor - ruled China didn't have a set culture, enforce religion or way of life on nations, made cultural advancements
The Rise and Fall of the Mongols: Impact	Great diffusers of culture Prevented Russia from culturally developing World trade, cultural diffusion, global awareness grew as they spread through Europe, the Middle East, and Asia
Mali and Songhai	Mali had a lot of gold that Islamic traders were interested in Mansa Musa: Mali ruler who built the capital of Timbuktu and expanded kingdom, Hajj to Mecca and brought gold Sonni Ali: Songhai ruler that conquered region of west Africa in 15th century
Chinese Technology: Song Dynasty	bureaucratic system built on merit and civil service examination creating a lot of loyal government workers, improved transportation and communication and business practices
Chinese Technology: improvements	Concentrated on creating an industrial society - improved literacy with printed books which increased productivity and growth
Trade Networks and Cultural Diffusion: Basic Facts	Trade exploded from 1200-1450 Improved with better transportation and monetary systems
Trade Networks and Cultural Diffusion: Main Global Trade Routes	The Hanseatic League The Silk Road Mongol land routes Trade between China and Japan Trade between India and Persia The Trans-Saharan trade routes between west Africa and the Islamic Empire Cultural diffusion - spread religions, languages, literature
Trade Networks and Cultural Diffusion: Bubonic Plague	started in Asia in the 14th century and carried by merchants - killed about 1/3 people, boils on skin, fleas on rats
Trade Networks and Cultural Diffusion: Indian Ocean Trade+Vibrant Indian Ocean Communities	Dominated by Persians and Arabs - western India to Persian Gulf to eastern Africa Great Zimbabwe: trading empire in Africa from 11th to 15th centuries Sailors marrying local women created cultural intermixing Monsoons played a big role in trade
Trade Networks and Cultural Diffusion: Silk Road	China to Mediterranean cultures in early days of Roman Empire and from 1200 to 1600 Cultural exchange through travellers stopping at trade towns Things Traded: Silk, porcelain, paper, religion, food, military technologies Connected through mongol rule
Trade Networks and Cultural Diffusion: Hanseatic League	Made up of over 100 cities Created substantial middle class in northern Europe Set precedent for large, European trading operations
Expansion of Religion and Empire: Cultural Clash Both natural spread of religion through contact over trade and intentional diffusion through missionary work or religious war	Both natural spread of religion through contact over trade and intentional diffusion through missionary work or religious war
Trade Networks and Cultural Diffusion: Reasons People Were on the Move	Ran out of room in certain places, but cities were always increasing in size as opportunities grew in them, New cities and empires drew people in, Muslim pilgrimages/hajj
Trade Networks and Cultural Diffusion: Notable Global Travelers	Xuanzang: Chinese Buddhist monk - through T’ang Dynasty to India to explore Buddhism Marco Polo: merchant from Venice, to China and Europe Ibn Battuta: Islamic traveler, through Islamic world to India to China

Created by: roburger

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